{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226248877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3171294","title":"Low-Altitude-Platform-Based Airborne IoT Network (LAP-AIN) for Water Quality Monitoring in Harsh Tropical Environment","display_name":"Low-Altitude-Platform-Based Airborne IoT Network (LAP-AIN) for Water Quality Monitoring in Harsh Tropical Environment","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226248877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3171294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3171294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3171294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051849636","display_name":"Haider A. H. Alobaidy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4461-3039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haider A. H. Alobaidy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4461-3039","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060844784","display_name":"Rosdiadee Nordin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9254-2023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosdiadee Nordin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9254-2023","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063177375","display_name":"Mandeep Singh Jit Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1499-0426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143074","display_name":"National Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/05cdbex20","country_code":"MY","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mandeep Jit Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, and the Space Science Centre (ANGKASA), Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1499-0426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, and the Space Science Centre (ANGKASA), Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143074","https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080151430","display_name":"Nor Fadzilah Abdullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6593-5603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nor Fadzilah Abdullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6593-5603","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051721069","display_name":"Azril Haniz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8973-0848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90023481","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azril Haniz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Systems Laboratory, The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Systems Laboratory, The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052591259","display_name":"Kentaro Ishizu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3983-9802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90023481","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kentaro Ishizu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beyond 5G Design Initiative, Beyond 5G Research and Development Promotion Unit, The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3983-9802","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beyond 5G Design Initiative, Beyond 5G Research and Development Promotion Unit, The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008522950","display_name":"Takeshi Matsumura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7027-8847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90023481","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeshi Matsumura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Systems Laboratory, The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7027-8847","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Systems Laboratory, The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021045258","display_name":"Fumihide Kojima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1204-4583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90023481","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fumihide Kojima","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT Testbed Research and Development Promotion Center, Social Innovation Unit, Open Innovation Promotion Headquarters, The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1204-4583","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT Testbed Research and Development Promotion Center, Social Innovation Unit, Open Innovation Promotion Headquarters, The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071621881","display_name":"Nordin Ramli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5358-284X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891303086","display_name":"MIMOS (Malaysia)","ror":"https://ror.org/01k94e681","country_code":"MY","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891303086"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nordin Ramli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Innovation Laboratory, Corporate Technology, MIMOS Berhad, Taman Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5358-284X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Innovation Laboratory, Corporate Technology, MIMOS Berhad, Taman Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891303086"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.282,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.872645,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"20","first_page":"20034","last_page":"20054"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5879883766174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altitude","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","score":0.5873907804489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5437548756599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-altitude","display_name":"Low altitude","score":0.5218899846076965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.505713939666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-quality","display_name":"Water quality","score":0.47029969096183777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effects-of-high-altitude-on-humans","display_name":"Effects of high altitude on humans","score":0.43854591250419617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.42920437455177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.364656925201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3454344868659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2949424982070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11645886301994324}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5879883766174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6350597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339495","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","level":2,"score":0.5873907804489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5437548756599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993172488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190200","display_name":"Low altitude","level":3,"score":0.5218899846076965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.505713939666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.47029969096183777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8240015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918226","display_name":"Effects of high altitude on humans","level":2,"score":0.43854591250419617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.42920437455177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.364656925201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3454344868659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2949424982070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11645886301994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3171294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3171294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G341543375","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRGS/1/2019/TK04/UKM/02/8","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3783893714","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA2386\u201320-1\u20134045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5515404985","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TAP-K018051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322699","funder_display_name":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G653612938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KK-2020\u2013007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/05mcs2t73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322699","display_name":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580661345","https://openalex.org/W1592622566","https://openalex.org/W1979195284","https://openalex.org/W1981710119","https://openalex.org/W1988456768","https://openalex.org/W2019796341","https://openalex.org/W2243299349","https://openalex.org/W2278132648","https://openalex.org/W2333248310","https://openalex.org/W2525332113","https://openalex.org/W2562095516","https://openalex.org/W2583801645","https://openalex.org/W2592123986","https://openalex.org/W2622098276","https://openalex.org/W2761346903","https://openalex.org/W2768822903","https://openalex.org/W2781583119","https://openalex.org/W2785908240","https://openalex.org/W2790325277","https://openalex.org/W2790620187","https://openalex.org/W2790761032","https://openalex.org/W2791880385","https://openalex.org/W2794204479","https://openalex.org/W2795097063","https://openalex.org/W2796363983","https://openalex.org/W2799922805","https://openalex.org/W2800533663","https://openalex.org/W2803573071","https://openalex.org/W2804418880","https://openalex.org/W2884893600","https://openalex.org/W2891826720","https://openalex.org/W2898242456","https://openalex.org/W2899449720","https://openalex.org/W2902171518","https://openalex.org/W2910095010","https://openalex.org/W2911586179","https://openalex.org/W2913769870","https://openalex.org/W2922917519","https://openalex.org/W2924595251","https://openalex.org/W2929741483","https://openalex.org/W2939126301","https://openalex.org/W2947711570","https://openalex.org/W2963613072","https://openalex.org/W2963638537","https://openalex.org/W2968675691","https://openalex.org/W2972838976","https://openalex.org/W2978754470","https://openalex.org/W2979511419","https://openalex.org/W2983745542","https://openalex.org/W2987166427","https://openalex.org/W3012030400","https://openalex.org/W3017312426","https://openalex.org/W3037262161","https://openalex.org/W3048669449","https://openalex.org/W3081582540","https://openalex.org/W3094908869","https://openalex.org/W3095861697","https://openalex.org/W3112554759","https://openalex.org/W3188280779","https://openalex.org/W7042231452"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885337260","https://openalex.org/W2114337266","https://openalex.org/W1540651609","https://openalex.org/W2071320627","https://openalex.org/W2355999728","https://openalex.org/W2945563562","https://openalex.org/W2353302203","https://openalex.org/W2064897698","https://openalex.org/W2559882798","https://openalex.org/W216684357"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"proposes":[2,133],"a":[3,25,118,134,165,171],"novel":[4,135],"Airborne":[5],"Internet":[6,125],"of":[7,24,43,126,216],"Things":[8,127],"Network":[9],"(AIN)":[10],"system":[11,41],"architecture":[12],"for":[13,99,121,145,179,206,237,243],"monitoring":[14],"water":[15,44,162],"quality,":[16],"combining":[17],"existing":[18],"wireless":[19,55,114,147],"technologies":[20],"with":[21,103],"the":[22,71,76,81,101,109,113,152,217,229],"aid":[23],"low":[26],"altitude":[27],"platform":[28],"(LAP)":[29],"to":[30,69,160,192,223],"relay":[31],"data":[32],"over":[33],"long":[34,52],"distances":[35],"in":[36,164,174],"hilly":[37],"terrain.":[38],"The":[39,149,210],"proposed":[40,72,153,230],"consists":[42],"quality":[45,163],"sensors,":[46],"smart":[47],"utility":[48],"network":[49],"(SUN)":[50],"devices,":[51,56],"range":[53],"(LoRa)":[54],"an":[57],"LAP":[58,82,102],"air":[59],"balloon,":[60],"and":[61,80,84,92,105,123,158,183,240,245],"Wi-Fi":[62],"devices.":[63],"A":[64],"measurement":[65,247],"campaign":[66],"was":[67],"conducted":[68],"assess":[70],"system,":[73],"focusing":[74],"on":[75],"communication":[77],"link":[78],"reliability":[79],"stability":[83],"robustness.":[85],"Several":[86],"constraints,":[87],"such":[88],"as":[89],"payload":[90],"limit":[91],"safe":[93],"weather":[94],"conditions,":[95],"were":[96],"also":[97,169,212],"highlighted":[98],"operating":[100],"extensive":[104],"reliable":[106],"coverage.":[107],"On":[108],"other":[110],"hand,":[111],"characterizing":[112],"channel":[115],"has":[116],"become":[117],"crucial":[119],"parameter":[120],"planning":[122],"deploying":[124],"(IoT)":[128],"applications.":[129],"Accordingly,":[130],"this":[131],"work":[132],"hybrid":[136],"machine":[137],"learning":[138],"(ML)-based":[139],"semi-empirical":[140],"path":[141],"loss":[142],"(PL)":[143],"model":[144,231],"LoRa":[146],"communication.":[148],"results":[150],"validated":[151],"system\u2019s":[154],"effectiveness,":[155],"unique":[156],"characteristics,":[157],"capability":[159],"monitor":[161],"harsh":[166,225],"environment.":[167],"Results":[168],"revealed":[170,213],"significant":[172],"difference":[173],"packet":[175],"delivery":[176],"rate":[177],"(PDR)":[178],"different":[180],"gateway":[181,200],"height":[182,201],"spreading":[184],"factor":[185],"(SF)":[186],"configurations.":[187,209],"For":[188],"instance,":[189],"switching":[190],"SF7":[191],"SF12":[193],"increased":[194,202],"PDR":[195,203],"by":[196,204],"28.7%.":[197],"Meanwhile,":[198],"increasing":[199],"29.2%":[205],"similar":[207],"SF":[208],"evaluation":[211],"that":[214],"none":[215],"established":[218],"PL":[219],"models":[220],"are":[221],"suitable":[222],"represent":[224],"tropical":[226],"environments.":[227],"Finally,":[228],"achieved":[232],"nearly":[233],"90%":[234],"prediction":[235],"accuracy":[236,242],"testing":[238],"samples":[239],"95%":[241],"training":[244],"overall":[246],"samples,":[248],"vastly":[249],"outperforming":[250],"conventional":[251],"models.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}