{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285189503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3170429","title":"Beamforming Design and Performance Analysis for Satellite and UAV Integrated Networks in IoRT Applications","display_name":"Beamforming Design and Performance Analysis for Satellite and UAV Integrated Networks in IoRT Applications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285189503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3170429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3170429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3170429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087265472","display_name":"Huaicong Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8299-6259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huaicong Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100697981","display_name":"Min Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0296-436X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101415277","display_name":"Jian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-6545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048031726","display_name":"Jian Ouyang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0631-947X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Ouyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033247734","display_name":"Wei\u2010Ping Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Ping Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087265472"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.077,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99107558,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"16","first_page":"14965","last_page":"14977"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7573916912078857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6895087957382202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5227649211883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.4713434875011444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-broadcasting","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","score":0.45299670100212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34736955165863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.32932326197624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3281971216201782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18996301293373108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.11875396966934204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7573916912078857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6895087957382202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5227649211883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.4713434875011444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986254709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209588","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","level":3,"score":0.45299670100212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34736955165863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.32932326197624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3281971216201782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18996301293373108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.11875396966934204}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3170429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3170429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/676692","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/676692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4933210762","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NY220111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323268","funder_display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323268","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967280221","https://openalex.org/W2021986135","https://openalex.org/W2072599023","https://openalex.org/W2132247362","https://openalex.org/W2133815023","https://openalex.org/W2145520942","https://openalex.org/W2236834722","https://openalex.org/W2248880694","https://openalex.org/W2295652899","https://openalex.org/W2339019390","https://openalex.org/W2344547323","https://openalex.org/W2511038469","https://openalex.org/W2523219060","https://openalex.org/W2743363440","https://openalex.org/W2771152181","https://openalex.org/W2783000346","https://openalex.org/W2793376456","https://openalex.org/W2800252416","https://openalex.org/W2883106403","https://openalex.org/W2885421746","https://openalex.org/W2886256610","https://openalex.org/W2899478246","https://openalex.org/W2904947504","https://openalex.org/W2929609312","https://openalex.org/W2957157287","https://openalex.org/W2960649959","https://openalex.org/W2963580658","https://openalex.org/W2963988154","https://openalex.org/W2977524535","https://openalex.org/W2986614523","https://openalex.org/W2989872587","https://openalex.org/W2989900076","https://openalex.org/W3003438773","https://openalex.org/W3009574497","https://openalex.org/W3016171125","https://openalex.org/W3026630291","https://openalex.org/W3034104086","https://openalex.org/W3039539730","https://openalex.org/W3086362943","https://openalex.org/W3089706104","https://openalex.org/W3099572069","https://openalex.org/W3119981021","https://openalex.org/W3121030234","https://openalex.org/W3199339416","https://openalex.org/W3214130165","https://openalex.org/W3216508700"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028190576","https://openalex.org/W4385750381","https://openalex.org/W4206958678","https://openalex.org/W2325965825","https://openalex.org/W2373343648","https://openalex.org/W3029457158","https://openalex.org/W2508657954","https://openalex.org/W2899645533","https://openalex.org/W623123055","https://openalex.org/W3199988476"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Satellite":[0],"and":[1,106,153,161,209],"unmanned":[2],"aerial":[3],"vehicle":[4],"(UAV)":[5],"integrated":[6],"networks":[7],"(SUINs)":[8],"are":[9,156,187],"considered":[10,178],"as":[11],"a":[12,112,133],"promising":[13],"method":[14,121],"to":[15,56,87,127,141,158,189],"offer":[16],"various":[17],"Internet":[18],"of":[19,32,94,122,193],"Remote":[20],"Things":[21],"(IoRT)":[22],"applications.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"article,":[26],"we":[27,81,171],"investigate":[28],"the":[29,35,39,52,64,89,95,101,118,129,143,150,177,181,191,194,221],"downlink":[30],"transmission":[31,214],"SUINs":[33],"where":[34],"satellite-to-UAV":[36],"link":[37,152],"uses":[38],"free-space":[40],"optical":[41],"(FSO)":[42],"technology":[43],"with":[44,63,180],"an":[45,84],"equal":[46],"gain":[47],"combining":[48],"(EGC)":[49],"scheme":[50,115,205],"while":[51],"links":[53,155],"from":[54],"UAV":[55],"IoRT":[57,107],"devices":[58],"exploit":[59],"radio":[60],"frequency":[61],"(RF)":[62],"space-division":[65],"multiple":[66],"access":[67],"(SDMA)":[68],"technique.":[69],"Specifically,":[70],"considering":[71],"that":[72,149,201],"only":[73],"statistical":[74],"channel":[75],"state":[76],"information":[77],"(CSI)":[78],"is":[79,98,125,138,199],"available,":[80],"first":[82],"formulate":[83],"optimization":[85],"problem":[86],"maximize":[88],"ergodic":[90],"sum":[91],"rate":[92,109],"(ESR)":[93],"system,":[96],"which":[97],"constrained":[99],"by":[100,147],"total":[102],"transmit":[103],"power":[104],"budget":[105],"devices\u2019":[108],"requirements.":[110],"Then,":[111],"beamforming":[113],"(BF)":[114],"based":[116],"on":[117],"alternating":[119],"direction":[120],"multipliers":[123],"(ADMM)":[124],"proposed":[126,182,203],"solve":[128],"nonconvex":[130],"problem.":[131],"Furthermore,":[132],"zero-forcing":[134],"(ZF)-based":[135],"suboptimal":[136],"approach":[137],"also":[139],"presented":[140],"reduce":[142],"implementation":[144],"complexity.":[145],"Finally,":[146],"assuming":[148],"FSO":[151,207],"RF":[154,213],"subject":[157],"Gamma\u2013Gamma":[159],"fading":[160],"Nakagami-":[162],"<inline-formula":[163],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[164],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[165],"<tex-math":[166],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$m$":[167],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[168],"fading,":[169],"respectively,":[170],"derive":[172],"closed-form":[173],"ESR":[174],"expressions":[175],"for":[176,206,212],"network":[179],"BF":[183,210],"schemes.":[184],"Simulation":[185],"results":[186],"provided":[188],"confirm":[190],"accuracy":[192],"theoretical":[195],"analysis.":[196],"Moreover,":[197],"it":[198],"revealed":[200],"our":[202],"EGC":[204],"communication":[208],"schemes":[211],"can":[215],"both":[216],"achieve":[217],"better":[218],"performance":[219],"than":[220],"existing":[222],"works.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}