{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226410700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3163383","title":"A Points-to-Sensitive Model Checker for C Programs in IoT Firmware","display_name":"A Points-to-Sensitive Model Checker for C Programs in IoT Firmware","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226410700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3163383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3163383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3163383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087622786","display_name":"Yinbo Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0257-5081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yinbo Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0257-5081","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108050448","display_name":"Jiajia Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4273-8866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4273-8866","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032733333","display_name":"Dejun Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2568-0861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dejun Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2568-0861","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087622786"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3017,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57786423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"19","first_page":"18998","last_page":"19011"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8841489553451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware","display_name":"Firmware","score":0.7880089282989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.7390600442886353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.5585452318191528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-verification","display_name":"Software verification","score":0.5250104069709778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pointer","display_name":"Pointer (user interface)","score":0.5208288431167603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5169422030448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.48372557759284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.43393486738204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predicate-abstraction","display_name":"Predicate abstraction","score":0.4298161268234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3641170859336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.342193603515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.32901981472969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.20885825157165527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1941514015197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.18191716074943542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.15608352422714233}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8841489553451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.7880089282989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.7390600442886353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.5585452318191528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33054407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504747","display_name":"Software verification","level":5,"score":0.5250104069709778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150202949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107602","display_name":"Pointer (user interface)","level":2,"score":0.5208288431167603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5169422030448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.48372557759284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.43393486738204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779907942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239630","display_name":"Predicate abstraction","level":3,"score":0.4298161268234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3641170859336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.342193603515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.32901981472969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.20885825157165527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1941514015197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.18191716074943542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.15608352422714233}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3163383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3163383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2177851287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D5000210588","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2881799804","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JQ-611","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7959500217","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515110279","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71772184","https://openalex.org/W121297392","https://openalex.org/W144278825","https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1600438913","https://openalex.org/W2011270512","https://openalex.org/W2031525781","https://openalex.org/W2081888787","https://openalex.org/W2112018008","https://openalex.org/W2127574686","https://openalex.org/W2129538349","https://openalex.org/W2131135493","https://openalex.org/W2143331802","https://openalex.org/W2149237601","https://openalex.org/W2161253570","https://openalex.org/W2297774820","https://openalex.org/W2547862110","https://openalex.org/W2652625053","https://openalex.org/W2748224507","https://openalex.org/W2767365245","https://openalex.org/W2773676607","https://openalex.org/W2790202156","https://openalex.org/W2794245731","https://openalex.org/W2891057055","https://openalex.org/W2902611338","https://openalex.org/W2912640545","https://openalex.org/W2929483929","https://openalex.org/W2967332045","https://openalex.org/W2968774960","https://openalex.org/W2972481639","https://openalex.org/W2998340298","https://openalex.org/W2998882519","https://openalex.org/W3009050206","https://openalex.org/W3027815466","https://openalex.org/W3042274705","https://openalex.org/W3045575840","https://openalex.org/W3049663443","https://openalex.org/W3092430836","https://openalex.org/W3137473159","https://openalex.org/W3158761221","https://openalex.org/W3173766797","https://openalex.org/W3184692337","https://openalex.org/W4213079124","https://openalex.org/W4308246500","https://openalex.org/W6680920723","https://openalex.org/W6682018898","https://openalex.org/W6800524651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2728958359","https://openalex.org/W2773676607","https://openalex.org/W3199080095","https://openalex.org/W1567294618","https://openalex.org/W2008863752","https://openalex.org/W2032767692","https://openalex.org/W2738202479","https://openalex.org/W4232408220","https://openalex.org/W2117425003","https://openalex.org/W1542124114"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,15,31,46,58,77,152,185,191,207,220,234,237],"Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"provides":[5],"convenience":[6],"for":[7,136],"our":[8,199],"daily":[9],"lives":[10],"via":[11],"a":[12,28,37,120,130,143,153,166,183,189],"huge":[13],"number":[14,30],"devices.":[16],"However,":[17],"due":[18,51],"to":[19,40,52,147],"low-resource":[20],"and":[21,44,56,74,112,133,160,177,194,229],"poor":[22],"computing":[23],"capability,":[24],"these":[25],"devices":[26],"have":[27,201],"high":[29],"firmware":[32,48,68,138],"vulnerabilities.":[33],"Software":[34],"verification":[35,65,83,135,218,225,232],"is":[36,81,227,239],"powerful":[38],"solution":[39],"ensure":[41],"the":[42,53,70,78,91,158,208,217],"correctness":[43],"security":[45],"IoT":[47,67,137],"programs.":[49,139],"Unfortunately,":[50],"complex":[54,196],"semantics":[55],"syntax":[57],"program":[59,155],"languages":[60],"(typically":[61],"C),":[62],"applying":[63],"software":[64],"in":[66,216],"faces":[69],"tradeoff":[71],"between":[72],"efficiency":[73],"accuracy.":[75],"One":[76],"fundamental":[79],"reasons":[80],"that":[82,171,203,223],"methods":[84],"cannot":[85],"support":[86],"verifying":[87],"state":[88,150,206],"transitions":[89],"on":[90,157],"memory":[92,161],"space":[93],"caused":[94],"by":[95,102],"pointer":[96,192],"operations":[97,193],"well.":[98],"To":[99],"this":[100],"end,":[101],"combining":[103],"sparse":[104],"value":[105],"flow":[106,145],"(SVF)":[107],"analysis":[108],"into":[109],"model":[110,123,146,168,248],"checking":[111,169],"optimizing":[113],"computational":[114],"redundancy":[115],"among":[116],"them,":[117],"we":[118],"design":[119,142],"novel":[121],"points-to-sensitive":[122],"checker,":[124],"called":[125],"PCHECKER,":[126],"which":[127,242],"can":[128,172,212],"provide":[129],"highly":[131],"precise":[132],"efficient":[134],"We":[140,163],"first":[141],"spatial":[144],"effectively":[148],"describe":[149],"behaviors":[151],"C":[154,186,197,221],"both":[156,244],"symbolic":[159],"space.":[162],"then":[164],"propose":[165],"counterexample-guided":[167],"algorithm":[170],"dynamically":[173],"refine":[174],"abstract":[175],"precisions":[176],"update":[178],"nondeterministic":[179],"points-to":[180],"relations.":[181],"With":[182],"set":[184],"benchmarks":[187],"containing":[188],"variety":[190],"other":[195],"features,":[198],"experiments":[200],"shown":[202],"compared":[204],"with":[205],"art":[209],"(SOTA),":[210],"PCHECKER":[211],"achieve":[213],"outstanding":[214],"results":[215],"tasks":[219],"programs":[222],"its":[224,230],"accuracy":[226],"95.9%,":[228],"average":[231],"time":[233],"each":[235],"line":[236],"code":[238],"1.27":[240],"ms,":[241],"are":[243],"better":[245],"than":[246],"existing":[247],"checkers.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
