{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214928356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3156099","title":"CAUTION: A Robust WiFi-Based Human Authentication System via Few-Shot Open-Set Recognition","display_name":"CAUTION: A Robust WiFi-Based Human Authentication System via Few-Shot Open-Set Recognition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214928356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3156099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3156099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3156099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038537327","display_name":"Dazhuo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1667-0573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dazhuo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1667-0573","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005666034","display_name":"Jianfei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-0439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianfei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-0439","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101908816","display_name":"Wei Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3697-0733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3697-0733","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100365448","display_name":"Lihua Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7137-4136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihua Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7137-4136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100606009","display_name":"Sumei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1701-8122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1701-8122","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3569,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96932923,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"18","first_page":"17323","last_page":"17333"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8072917461395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5700200200080872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.46204042434692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.43159329891204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shot","display_name":"Shot (pellet)","score":0.4246361255645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3572998642921448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8072917461395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5700200200080872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46204042434692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.43159329891204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778344882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278938","display_name":"Shot (pellet)","level":2,"score":0.4246361255645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3572998642921448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3156099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3156099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1929042294","https://openalex.org/W1977125810","https://openalex.org/W2045577847","https://openalex.org/W2072800931","https://openalex.org/W2076166888","https://openalex.org/W2089695767","https://openalex.org/W2099841931","https://openalex.org/W2106053110","https://openalex.org/W2135624716","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2248269543","https://openalex.org/W2340862004","https://openalex.org/W2361187101","https://openalex.org/W2517331439","https://openalex.org/W2522247037","https://openalex.org/W2542594331","https://openalex.org/W2554581053","https://openalex.org/W2601450892","https://openalex.org/W2612972698","https://openalex.org/W2734730826","https://openalex.org/W2749514013","https://openalex.org/W2761676759","https://openalex.org/W2784220689","https://openalex.org/W2809191403","https://openalex.org/W2811245964","https://openalex.org/W2811272561","https://openalex.org/W2812001514","https://openalex.org/W2887389727","https://openalex.org/W2897189857","https://openalex.org/W2907300063","https://openalex.org/W2948212865","https://openalex.org/W2966927162","https://openalex.org/W2970787329","https://openalex.org/W2971666968","https://openalex.org/W2974216175","https://openalex.org/W2976832373","https://openalex.org/W3008383986","https://openalex.org/W3015392474","https://openalex.org/W3016795385","https://openalex.org/W3042588155","https://openalex.org/W3102668440","https://openalex.org/W3109270207","https://openalex.org/W3162459705","https://openalex.org/W3185046724","https://openalex.org/W4205469029","https://openalex.org/W4253510307","https://openalex.org/W6608394925","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6675751002","https://openalex.org/W6680962578","https://openalex.org/W6735236233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2074502265","https://openalex.org/W4214877189","https://openalex.org/W2773965352","https://openalex.org/W2381179799","https://openalex.org/W2980279061","https://openalex.org/W2334685461","https://openalex.org/W2366718574","https://openalex.org/W2359774528","https://openalex.org/W4298312966","https://openalex.org/W2912135041"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"channel-state":[1],"information":[2],"(CSI)-based":[3],"human":[4,39,59,193,214],"authentication":[5,40,60,180,194,215],"systems":[6],"in":[7,61],"the":[8,91,98,120,126,161,212],"literature":[9],"require":[10,147],"a":[11,37,81,130,148,196],"large":[12,149],"amount":[13,198],"of":[14,51,67,85,125,151,199,204],"CSI":[15,55,86,92,110,121,200],"data":[16,56,122,153,202,205],"to":[17,46,57,73,117,137,159,190],"train":[18,160],"deep":[19],"neural":[20],"network":[21],"(DNN)":[22],"models":[23],"and":[24,112,154,174,210],"are":[25],"ineffective":[26],"for":[27,105,163],"unknown":[28,164],"intruder":[29,115,133,165],"detection.":[30,166],"To":[31],"address":[32],"this":[33,62],"issue,":[34],"we":[35],"propose":[36],"CSI-based":[38,179],"system":[41,162],"(CAUTION)":[42],"which":[43],"is":[44,71,135,188],"able":[45,72,136,189],"learn":[47],"distinctive":[48],"gait":[49],"features":[50],"different":[52,106,172],"users":[53,107],"through":[54],"perform":[58,191],"article.":[63],"By":[64,89],"taking":[65],"advantage":[66],"few-shot":[68],"learning,":[69],"CAUTION":[70,144,170,187],"construct":[74],"an":[75,114,156],"accurate":[76,192],"user":[77,127],"identification":[78],"model":[79],"with":[80,177,195],"very":[82],"limited":[83,197],"number":[84,150],"training":[87,152,201],"data.":[88,143],"converting":[90],"samples":[93],"into":[94],"low-dimensional":[95],"representations":[96],"on":[97],"feature":[99],"plane,":[100],"it":[101,176],"computes":[102],"central":[103],"points":[104],"as":[108],"their":[109],"profiles":[111],"introduces":[113],"threshold":[116,134],"measure":[118],"whether":[119],"matches":[123],"one":[124],"classes":[128],"by":[129,207],"margin.":[131],"The":[132,182],"be":[138],"optimized":[139],"without":[140],"any":[141],"intruders\u2019":[142],"does":[145],"not":[146],"provides":[155],"effective":[157],"way":[158],"We":[167],"have":[168],"tested":[169],"at":[171],"places":[173],"compared":[175,208,213],"state-of-the-art":[178],"systems.":[181,216],"experimental":[183],"results":[184],"demonstrate":[185],"that":[186],"(one-fifth":[203],"needed":[206],"systems)":[209],"outperforms":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
