{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210982773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3150955","title":"Joint Offloading Decision and Resource Allocation for Vehicular Fog-Edge Computing Networks: A Contract-Stackelberg Approach","display_name":"Joint Offloading Decision and Resource Allocation for Vehicular Fog-Edge Computing Networks: A Contract-Stackelberg Approach","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210982773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3150955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3150955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3150955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.13037","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331391","display_name":"Yuwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8878-510X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Huawei 2012 Laboratory, Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei 2012 Laboratory, Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019460168","display_name":"Bo Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9268-8436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101493921","display_name":"Hao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-481X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042676883","display_name":"Qiaoni Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1662-6609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiaoni Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038267080","display_name":"Cailian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6533-8713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cailian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100690710","display_name":"Xinping Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6233-8762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinping Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100331391"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I2250955327"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":30.5291,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":98,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99735979,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"17","first_page":"15969","last_page":"15982"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.8998651504516602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8384268283843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.7805894613265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.7291007041931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.594639778137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.525658905506134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4775603413581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.45335519313812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.43800801038742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.4373489320278168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4198054373264313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.3994636535644531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10908398032188416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09651073813438416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.8998651504516602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8384268283843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.7805894613265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.7291007041931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.594639778137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.525658905506134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4775603413581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.45335519313812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.43800801038742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.4373489320278168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4198054373264313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.3994636535644531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10908398032188416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09651073813438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3150955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3150955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2202.13037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2202.13037","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.13037","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2202.13037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2202.13037","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.13037","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1705705081","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61933009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5605764086","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62025305","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5935165963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92167205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6389320175","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61731012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8272745707","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1702300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1438369732","https://openalex.org/W1904504745","https://openalex.org/W2020596971","https://openalex.org/W2116175219","https://openalex.org/W2162030105","https://openalex.org/W2327946727","https://openalex.org/W2343050074","https://openalex.org/W2344423009","https://openalex.org/W2397723600","https://openalex.org/W2400861403","https://openalex.org/W2419140611","https://openalex.org/W2511425482","https://openalex.org/W2553698314","https://openalex.org/W2593138756","https://openalex.org/W2735056258","https://openalex.org/W2789986657","https://openalex.org/W2808191423","https://openalex.org/W2885703553","https://openalex.org/W2885851048","https://openalex.org/W2889679424","https://openalex.org/W2896883851","https://openalex.org/W2905685817","https://openalex.org/W2953926899","https://openalex.org/W2954039338","https://openalex.org/W2963409843","https://openalex.org/W2964015972","https://openalex.org/W2975128548","https://openalex.org/W2989794282","https://openalex.org/W2993809815","https://openalex.org/W2994813045","https://openalex.org/W2998106326","https://openalex.org/W3004417498","https://openalex.org/W3011884107","https://openalex.org/W3012494113","https://openalex.org/W3024155406","https://openalex.org/W3045049179","https://openalex.org/W3103591951","https://openalex.org/W3109463546","https://openalex.org/W4250739957","https://openalex.org/W6766773504"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200420173","https://openalex.org/W3120617837","https://openalex.org/W3127808443","https://openalex.org/W2916011811","https://openalex.org/W3034137700","https://openalex.org/W4362496467","https://openalex.org/W2896883851","https://openalex.org/W2917127270","https://openalex.org/W3185499500","https://openalex.org/W3014317926"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,19,35,46,110,116,136,155,171,178,187,206,214,229],"popularity":[2],"of":[3,8,38,112,157,189,195,208,216,222],"mobile":[4,147],"devices":[5],"and":[6,30,78,99,109,146,160,173,219,227,235],"development":[7],"computationally":[9],"intensive":[10],"applications,":[11],"researchers":[12],"are":[13,42,93,201],"focusing":[14],"on":[15,177],"offloading":[16,59,220,238],"computation":[17],"to":[18,25,62,86,96,125,128,135,153,165],"mobile-edge":[20],"computing":[21,36,60,76],"(MEC)":[22],"server":[23,41],"due":[24,134],"its":[26],"high":[27],"computational":[28],"efficiency":[29],"low":[31],"communication":[32],"delay.":[33],"As":[34],"resources":[37,53,156],"an":[39],"MEC":[40,144,237],"limited,":[43],"vehicles":[44,63,92,127],"in":[45,115,240],"urban":[47],"area":[48],"who":[49],"have":[50],"abundant":[51],"idle":[52,131],"should":[54],"be":[55],"fully":[56],"utilized.":[57],"However,":[58],"tasks":[61],"faces":[64],"many":[65],"challenging":[66,152],"issues.":[67,90],"In":[68,170],"this":[69],"article,":[70],"we":[71,119,181],"introduce":[72],"a":[73,82,121,162],"vehicular":[74,241],"fog-edge":[75],"paradigm":[77,239],"formulate":[79],"it":[80,150],"as":[81],"multistage":[83],"Stackelberg":[84,179],"game":[85],"deal":[87],"with":[88,224],"these":[89],"Specifically,":[91],"not":[94],"obligated":[95],"share":[97],"resources,":[98],"let":[100],"alone":[101],"disclose":[102],"their":[103,130],"private":[104],"information":[105],"(e.g.,":[106],"stay":[107],"time":[108],"amount":[111],"resources).":[113],"Therefore,":[114],"first":[117],"stage,":[118],"design":[120,161],"contract-based":[122],"incentive":[123,211],"mechanism":[124,164],"motivate":[126],"contribute":[129],"resources.":[132],"Next,":[133],"complicated":[137],"interactions":[138],"among":[139],"vehicles,":[140],"roadside":[141],"unit":[142],"(RSU),":[143],"server,":[145],"device":[148],"users,":[149],"is":[151],"coordinate":[154],"all":[158,167,190],"parties":[159],"transaction":[163],"make":[166],"entities":[168],"benefit.":[169],"second":[172],"third":[174],"stages,":[175],"based":[176],"game,":[180],"develop":[182],"pricing":[183],"strategies":[184,197],"that":[185],"maximize":[186],"utilities":[188],"parties.":[191],"The":[192],"analytical":[193],"forms":[194],"optimal":[196],"for":[198],"each":[199],"stage":[200],"given.":[202],"Simulation":[203],"results":[204],"demonstrate":[205],"effectiveness":[207],"our":[209,233],"proposed":[210],"mechanism,":[212],"reveal":[213],"trends":[215],"energy":[217],"consumption":[218],"decisions":[221],"users":[223],"various":[225],"parameters,":[226],"present":[228],"performance":[230],"comparison":[231],"between":[232],"framework":[234],"existing":[236],"networks.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2022-02-13T00:00:00"}