{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4211257454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3150564","title":"Sequential Doppler-Shift-Based Optimal Localization and Synchronization With TOA","display_name":"Sequential Doppler-Shift-Based Optimal Localization and Synchronization With TOA","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4211257454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3150564"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3150564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3150564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006311179","display_name":"Sihao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6335-1911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sihao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6335-1911","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036654811","display_name":"Ningyan Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ningyan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100363146","display_name":"Xiao\u2013Ping Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-0069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Ping Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-0069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043550848","display_name":"Xiaowei Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0545-7408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0545-7408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032262275","display_name":"Mingquan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7767-6661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingquan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6619,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83019357,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"17","first_page":"16234","last_page":"16246"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.8783020973205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.7017062902450562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6962682008743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.6926009654998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.6459077000617981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-frequency","display_name":"Doppler frequency","score":0.5321435332298279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.5024030208587646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4867839515209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.47195568680763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.4582260549068451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.45498812198638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-drift","display_name":"Clock drift","score":0.4479755461215973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.42261889576911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.42028170824050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utc-offset","display_name":"UTC offset","score":0.41246384382247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2986072301864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.2648569941520691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.24195101857185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2408289909362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1816432774066925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17311668395996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.1272093653678894}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.8783020973205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.7017062902450562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6962682008743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.6926009654998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.6459077000617981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988629262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler frequency","level":3,"score":0.5321435332298279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5024030208587646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4867839515209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.47195568680763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.4582260549068451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.45498812198638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155837451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069144","display_name":"Clock drift","level":5,"score":0.4479755461215973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.42261889576911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.42028170824050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185588997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187110","display_name":"UTC offset","level":3,"score":0.41246384382247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2986072301864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.2648569941520691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.24195101857185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2408289909362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1816432774066925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17311668395996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.1272093653678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3150564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3150564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W1969907290","https://openalex.org/W1975847068","https://openalex.org/W1979154650","https://openalex.org/W1992033936","https://openalex.org/W2008457674","https://openalex.org/W2038166203","https://openalex.org/W2052111957","https://openalex.org/W2070969654","https://openalex.org/W2082153028","https://openalex.org/W2092311378","https://openalex.org/W2092323252","https://openalex.org/W2099983996","https://openalex.org/W2106484384","https://openalex.org/W2124216931","https://openalex.org/W2127263006","https://openalex.org/W2134060757","https://openalex.org/W2145477955","https://openalex.org/W2156476853","https://openalex.org/W2157390512","https://openalex.org/W2168003214","https://openalex.org/W2422344877","https://openalex.org/W2474296258","https://openalex.org/W2528351398","https://openalex.org/W2597619747","https://openalex.org/W2612506043","https://openalex.org/W2625197081","https://openalex.org/W2759764221","https://openalex.org/W2765614438","https://openalex.org/W2791639158","https://openalex.org/W2802189056","https://openalex.org/W2886674683","https://openalex.org/W2892473706","https://openalex.org/W2989698267","https://openalex.org/W2999980616","https://openalex.org/W3025613035","https://openalex.org/W3045471919","https://openalex.org/W3049241247","https://openalex.org/W3094571626","https://openalex.org/W3098689266","https://openalex.org/W3120214750","https://openalex.org/W3128159412","https://openalex.org/W3128548201","https://openalex.org/W3128707666","https://openalex.org/W3134396415","https://openalex.org/W6790541529"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144712746","https://openalex.org/W2126688435","https://openalex.org/W2137882960","https://openalex.org/W3021617321","https://openalex.org/W2360353955","https://openalex.org/W2756630162","https://openalex.org/W1567704499","https://openalex.org/W2370019458","https://openalex.org/W2621832050","https://openalex.org/W2388191902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Doppler":[0,61],"shift":[1,62],"is":[2,12],"an":[3],"important":[4],"measurement":[5],"for":[6,76,90,99,116],"localization":[7],"and":[8,11,63,82,97,134,157],"synchronization":[9],"(LAS),":[10],"available":[13],"in":[14,23,50],"various":[15],"practical":[16],"systems.":[17],"Existing":[18],"studies":[19],"on":[20],"LAS":[21,27,48,146],"techniques":[22],"a":[24,45],"time-division":[25],"broadcast":[26,38],"system":[28],"(TDBS)":[29],"only":[30],"use":[31],"sequential":[32,60],"time-of-arrival":[33],"(TOA)":[34],"measurements":[35],"from":[36],"the":[37,51,59,72,91,100,111,124,127,144,154,159,164],"signals.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"article,":[42],"we":[43],"develop":[44],"new":[46],"optimal":[47,160],"method":[49,75,147],"TDBS,":[52],"namely,":[53],"LAS-SDT,":[54],"by":[55],"taking":[56],"advantage":[57],"of":[58,126,143,163],"TOA":[64],"measurements.":[65],"It":[66],"achieves":[67],"higher":[68,140],"accuracy":[69],"compared":[70],"with":[71,80,93,102],"conventional":[73,145],"TOA-only":[74],"user":[77],"devices":[78],"(UDs)":[79],"motion":[81],"clock":[83,104,131,135],"drift.":[84],"Another":[85],"two":[86],"variant":[87],"methods,":[88],"LAS-SDT-v":[89],"case":[92,101],"UD":[94,103,129],"velocity":[95],"aiding":[96],"LAS-SDT-k":[98],"drift":[105,136],"aiding,":[106],"are":[107,137],"developed.":[108],"We":[109,120],"derive":[110],"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao":[112],"lower":[113],"bound":[114],"(CRLB)":[115],"these":[117],"different":[118],"cases.":[119],"show":[121,158],"analytically":[122],"that":[123],"accuracies":[125],"estimated":[128],"position,":[130],"offset,":[132],"velocity,":[133],"all":[138],"significantly":[139],"than":[141],"those":[142],"using":[148],"TOAs":[149],"only.":[150],"Numerical":[151],"results":[152],"corroborate":[153],"theoretical":[155],"analysis":[156],"estimation":[161],"performance":[162],"LAS-SDT.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
