{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206510732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3138916","title":"Leveraging Energy, Latency, and Robustness for Routing Path Selection in Internet of Battlefield Things","display_name":"Leveraging Energy, Latency, and Robustness for Routing Path Selection in Internet of Battlefield Things","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206510732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3138916"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3138916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3138916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001459619","display_name":"Chong Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-3486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska&#x2013;Lincoln, Omaha, NE, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska&#x2013;Lincoln, Omaha, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017959427","display_name":"Shuaiqi Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4706-5330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuaiqi Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska&#x2013;Lincoln, Omaha, NE, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska&#x2013;Lincoln, Omaha, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067295504","display_name":"Haojun Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haojun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Computing and Communications Laboratory, Wireless Signal Processing and Networks Laboratory, and Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Computing and Communications Laboratory, Wireless Signal Processing and Networks Laboratory, and Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100736887","display_name":"Kuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4262-153X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska&#x2013;Lincoln, Omaha, NE, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska&#x2013;Lincoln, Omaha, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457326","display_name":"Zhao Hai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9796-054X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001459619"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9557,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78012849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"14","first_page":"12601","last_page":"12613"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.8100091218948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7986207008361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6753369569778442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5438438653945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5377746820449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battlefield","display_name":"Battlefield","score":0.46556830406188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.442034512758255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1497710645198822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0927838385105133}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.8100091218948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7986207008361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6753369569778442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5438438653945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5377746820449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779669469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895508","display_name":"Battlefield","level":2,"score":0.46556830406188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.442034512758255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1497710645198822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0927838385105133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3138916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3138916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501603389","https://openalex.org/W1623434819","https://openalex.org/W1995074519","https://openalex.org/W2000219814","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2033047854","https://openalex.org/W2053711905","https://openalex.org/W2090050206","https://openalex.org/W2104846640","https://openalex.org/W2117723740","https://openalex.org/W2122044244","https://openalex.org/W2124793110","https://openalex.org/W2126409482","https://openalex.org/W2132549513","https://openalex.org/W2133486451","https://openalex.org/W2146182927","https://openalex.org/W2148937216","https://openalex.org/W2152427828","https://openalex.org/W2200725450","https://openalex.org/W2262889796","https://openalex.org/W2313606385","https://openalex.org/W2524858500","https://openalex.org/W2528662139","https://openalex.org/W2546306028","https://openalex.org/W2589333926","https://openalex.org/W2620869588","https://openalex.org/W2744457242","https://openalex.org/W2762702165","https://openalex.org/W2765496576","https://openalex.org/W2781924384","https://openalex.org/W2786404910","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W2804037537","https://openalex.org/W2885027170","https://openalex.org/W2891082328","https://openalex.org/W2892374861","https://openalex.org/W2902743899","https://openalex.org/W2912565098","https://openalex.org/W2913125252","https://openalex.org/W2913300069","https://openalex.org/W2920825303","https://openalex.org/W2945828882","https://openalex.org/W2962814610","https://openalex.org/W2963832942","https://openalex.org/W2964225825","https://openalex.org/W2965645506","https://openalex.org/W2966566238","https://openalex.org/W2973047729","https://openalex.org/W2990095191","https://openalex.org/W3008402949","https://openalex.org/W3023440250","https://openalex.org/W3039012799","https://openalex.org/W3090615085","https://openalex.org/W3100038947","https://openalex.org/W6687890890"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984179778","https://openalex.org/W2363573290","https://openalex.org/W2387459700","https://openalex.org/W2362261179","https://openalex.org/W2383940993","https://openalex.org/W2354389285","https://openalex.org/W4375930838","https://openalex.org/W2387678935","https://openalex.org/W2390277087","https://openalex.org/W3199256956"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Internet":[0],"of":[1,74,101,116,164,238],"Battlefield":[2],"Things":[3],"(IoBT)":[4],"connects":[5],"massive":[6],"tactical":[7,58,102,117,165],"devices":[8,59,75],"to":[9,70,192,211],"collect":[10],"battlefield":[11,23],"situations":[12],"and":[13,27,34,79,114,147,156,160,175,196,232],"share":[14],"perceived":[15],"information.":[16],"The":[17],"IoBT":[18,55,69,93,141],"can":[19,228],"enhance":[20],"the":[21,72,105,158,169,200,222,235],"intelligent":[22],"command,":[24],"collaborative":[25],"attack,":[26],"other":[28],"applications,":[29],"such":[30,109],"as":[31,110],"landmine":[32,111],"trigger":[33],"post-war":[35],"clearance.":[36],"Existing":[37],"routing":[38,133,224],"path":[39,134,206,225],"selection":[40,135,226],"methods":[41],"designed":[42],"for":[43],"wireless":[44],"sensor":[45],"networks":[46],"(WSNs)":[47],"are":[48,178,209],"effective":[49],"but":[50],"still":[51],"face":[52],"challenges":[53],"in":[54,68,85,92,140,183],"scenarios.":[56],"First,":[57],"follow":[60],"nonuniform":[61,144],"distributions":[62,146],"with":[63,137,234],"high":[64],"density":[65],"on":[66,124,143,168],"boundaries":[67],"prevent":[71],"location":[73],"from":[76],"being":[77],"speculated":[78],"protect":[80],"strategic":[81],"positions,":[82],"which":[83],"results":[84,219],"unbalanced":[86],"energy":[87,172,194,230],"consumption.":[88],"Second,":[89],"increasing":[90],"latency":[91,233],"is":[94,190],"caused":[95],"by":[96],"various":[97],"data":[98,149,161],"generation":[99,150,162],"probabilities":[100],"devices.":[103,166],"Third,":[104],"military":[106],"task":[107],"features,":[108,171],"explosion,":[112],"disconnection,":[113],"failure":[115],"devices,":[118],"may":[119],"put":[120],"forward":[121],"special":[122,170],"requirements":[123],"network":[125,176,201],"robustness.":[126],"To":[127],"this":[128,213],"end,":[129],"we":[130,153],"propose":[131],"a":[132,186],"method":[136,227],"joint":[138,187],"optimization":[139,188,214],"based":[142],"node":[145],"location-related":[148],"probabilities.":[151],"Specifically,":[152],"first":[154],"investigate":[155],"formulate":[157],"distribution":[159],"probability":[163],"Based":[167],"consumption,":[173],"latency,":[174,197],"robustness":[177,202,237],"analyzed":[179],"during":[180],"multihop":[181],"communications":[182],"IoBT.":[184,239],"Then,":[185],"problem":[189],"formulated":[191],"minimize":[193],"consumption":[195,231],"while":[198],"maximizing":[199],"simultaneously.":[203],"Furthermore,":[204],"two":[205],"assignment":[207],"algorithms":[208],"developed":[210],"solve":[212],"problem.":[215],"Finally,":[216],"our":[217],"simulation":[218],"show":[220],"that":[221],"proposed":[223],"reduce":[229],"guaranteed":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
