{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205938345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3137291","title":"Performance Optimization of Serverless Computing for Latency-Guaranteed and Energy-Efficient Task Offloading in Energy-Harvesting Industrial IoT","display_name":"Performance Optimization of Serverless Computing for Latency-Guaranteed and Energy-Efficient Task Offloading in Energy-Harvesting Industrial IoT","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205938345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3137291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3137291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3137291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007398507","display_name":"Haneul Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-445X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haneul Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015321839","display_name":"Sangheon Pack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1085-1568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangheon Pack","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035919267","display_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-2640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007398507"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7787,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95124527,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"1897","last_page":"1907"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9739000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8316504955291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.6237677335739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5862094163894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.49968671798706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stateless-protocol","display_name":"Stateless protocol","score":0.4900995194911957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4662797451019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4659024178981781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"Linear programming","score":0.4244355261325836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4155365824699402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.38616037368774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.379806250333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12019893527030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09933161735534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07995584607124329}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8316504955291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.6237677335739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5862094163894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.49968671798706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103613024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230924","display_name":"Stateless protocol","level":3,"score":0.4900995194911957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4662797451019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4659024178981781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.4244355261325836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4155365824699402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.38616037368774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.379806250333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12019893527030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09933161735534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07995584607124329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3137291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3137291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1469737185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A2C3006786","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4465320406","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A4A3022102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103953230","https://openalex.org/W2343161060","https://openalex.org/W2482912839","https://openalex.org/W2491017130","https://openalex.org/W2547443968","https://openalex.org/W2554176900","https://openalex.org/W2557547506","https://openalex.org/W2571303926","https://openalex.org/W2744394426","https://openalex.org/W2754987233","https://openalex.org/W2783165406","https://openalex.org/W2790038630","https://openalex.org/W2805210382","https://openalex.org/W2900068116","https://openalex.org/W2906008667","https://openalex.org/W2918828872","https://openalex.org/W2942155107","https://openalex.org/W2965442760","https://openalex.org/W2977989413","https://openalex.org/W2981732710","https://openalex.org/W2999146029","https://openalex.org/W3005202947","https://openalex.org/W3009503940","https://openalex.org/W3009963213","https://openalex.org/W3012011738","https://openalex.org/W3025539548","https://openalex.org/W3032765781","https://openalex.org/W3036231888","https://openalex.org/W3041510570","https://openalex.org/W3042862359","https://openalex.org/W3084836478","https://openalex.org/W3085262707","https://openalex.org/W3098133185","https://openalex.org/W3196359308","https://openalex.org/W4248971150","https://openalex.org/W4249749133","https://openalex.org/W4287687680","https://openalex.org/W6717080717","https://openalex.org/W6782496564"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3040374273","https://openalex.org/W2955572513","https://openalex.org/W4360604845","https://openalex.org/W151293476","https://openalex.org/W2116712504","https://openalex.org/W2036359834","https://openalex.org/W2315999538","https://openalex.org/W187740018","https://openalex.org/W2162286586","https://openalex.org/W4255368532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Serverless":[0],"architecture":[1],"enables":[2],"various":[3],"intelligent":[4],"applications":[5],"to":[6,21,42,78,164,167],"be":[7,148],"run":[8],"without":[9],"managing":[10],"infrastructure.":[11],"In":[12,51],"this":[13,29,52],"architecture,":[14],"the":[15,22,33,72,79,83,86,96,122,134,137,141,158,174,179],"computing":[16,97],"cost":[17,98],"is":[18,40],"generally":[19],"proportional":[20],"number":[23,30,46,73,142],"of":[24,47,67,74,143],"requested":[25,48,77,144],"stateless":[26,49,75,145],"functions":[27,76,146],"and":[28,58,90,106,120,178],"can":[31,147,155],"affect":[32],"task":[34,60,87,103,175],"completion":[35,88,104,176],"time":[36,89,105,177],"and,":[37],"thus,":[38],"it":[39],"prominent":[41],"decide":[43],"an":[44,65,126],"appropriate":[45],"functions.":[50],"article,":[53],"we":[54,111],"propose":[55],"a":[56,113,168],"latency-guaranteed":[57,169],"energy-efficient":[59],"offloading":[61,170],"(LETO)":[62],"system":[63],"where":[64],"Internet":[66],"Things":[68],"(IoT)":[69],"device":[70],"decides":[71],"cloud":[80],"by":[81,162],"considering":[82],"deadline":[84],"on":[85,140],"its":[91],"energy":[92,108,180],"level.":[93],"To":[94],"minimize":[95],"while":[99,172],"guaranteeing":[100],"sufficiently":[101],"short":[102],"low":[107],"outage":[109,181],"probability,":[110],"formulate":[112],"constrained":[114],"Markov":[115],"decision":[116],"process":[117],"(CMDP)":[118],"problem":[119,124],"convert":[121],"CMDP":[123],"into":[125],"equivalent":[127],"linear":[128],"programming":[129],"(LP)":[130],"model.":[131],"By":[132],"solving":[133],"LP":[135],"model,":[136],"optimal":[138],"policy":[139],"achieved.":[149],"Evaluation":[150],"results":[151],"illustrate":[152],"that":[153],"LETO":[154],"cut":[156],"down":[157],"operating":[159],"expenditure":[160],"(OPEX)":[161],"up":[163],"59%":[165],"compared":[166],"scheme":[171],"keeping":[173],"probability":[182],"below":[183],"desirable":[184],"levels.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}