{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212988784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3125842","title":"IRONWAN: Increasing Reliability of Overlapping Networks in LoRaWAN","display_name":"IRONWAN: Increasing Reliability of Overlapping Networks in LoRaWAN","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212988784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3125842","mag":"3212988784"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3125842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3125842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.10115","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031496316","display_name":"Laksh Bhatia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9899-3930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laksh Bhatia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9899-3930","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100767279","display_name":"Po\u2010Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0375-0718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po-Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012171637","display_name":"Michael Breza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Breza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037412714","display_name":"Cong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9002-4350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9002-4350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070139392","display_name":"Julie A. McCann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9786-7257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie A. McCann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9786-7257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5085,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65214376,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"13","first_page":"10763","last_page":"10776"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7952058911323547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6660455465316772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3608253002166748}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7952058911323547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6660455465316772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3608253002166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3125842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3125842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2111.10115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2111.10115","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.10115","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/92824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/92824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"10776","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2111.10115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2111.10115","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.10115","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4026159562","display_name":"Science of Sensor System Software","funder_award_id":"EP/N007565/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4314500828","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N02334X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G521268540","display_name":"PETRAS 2","funder_award_id":"EP/S035362/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6041094040","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N007565/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313467","display_name":"Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2441124914","https://openalex.org/W2772033649","https://openalex.org/W2781583119","https://openalex.org/W2798521665","https://openalex.org/W2821861497","https://openalex.org/W2825630662","https://openalex.org/W2891720562","https://openalex.org/W2914049166","https://openalex.org/W2955551477","https://openalex.org/W2963059275","https://openalex.org/W2984463125","https://openalex.org/W3047436287","https://openalex.org/W3049075912","https://openalex.org/W3088528231","https://openalex.org/W3095729894","https://openalex.org/W3105745143","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W6774213835"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"LoRaWAN":[0,28,78],"deployments":[1],"follow":[2],"an":[3,152,239],"<italic":[4],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[5],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">ad":[6],"hoc</i>":[7],"deployment":[8],"model":[9],"that":[10,93,163,195,233],"has":[11,149,235,254],"organically":[12],"led":[13],"to":[14,37,43,49,71,83,99,114,144,161,183,200,220,226,238,256,262],"overlapping":[15,51,130],"communication":[16,31,95,109,113,166,172,250],"networks,":[17],"sharing":[18],"the":[19,75,104,116,158,171,215],"wireless":[20,90],"spectrum,":[21],"and":[22,63,110,121,127,156,186,207,243],"completely":[23],"unaware":[24],"of":[25,77,107],"each":[26],"other.":[27],"uses":[29,134],"ALOHA-style":[30],"where":[32],"it":[33],"is":[34,69],"almost":[35],"impossible":[36],"schedule":[38,50],"transmission":[39],"between":[40],"networks":[41,52,79],"belonging":[42],"different":[44],"owners":[45],"properly.":[46],"The":[47,192],"inability":[48],"will":[53,58],"cause":[54],"internetwork":[55],"interference,":[56],"which":[57],"increase":[59],"node-to-gateway":[60],"message":[61,141,155],"losses":[62],"gateway-to-node":[64],"acknowledgment":[65],"failures.":[66],"This":[67],"problem":[68],"likely":[70],"get":[72],"worse":[73],"as":[74],"number":[76],"increases.":[80],"In":[81],"response":[82],"this":[84],"problem,":[85],"we":[86,231],"propose":[87],"IRONWAN,":[88],"a":[89,139,147,178,187,264],"overlay":[91],"network":[92],"shares":[94],"resources":[96],"without":[97],"modifications":[98],"underlying":[100],"protocols.":[101],"It":[102],"utilizes":[103],"broadcast":[105],"nature":[106],"radio":[108],"enables":[111],"gateway-to-gateway":[112,165,266],"facilitate":[115],"search":[117],"for":[118],"failed":[119,123],"messages":[120,209],"transmit":[122],"acknowledgments":[124],"already":[125],"received":[126,151,210],"cached":[128],"in":[129,268],"network\u2019s":[131],"gateways.":[132],"IRONWAN":[133,176,196,234,252],"two":[135],"novel":[136],"algorithms:":[137],"1)":[138],"real-time":[140],"interarrival":[142],"predictor,":[143,160],"highlight":[145],"when":[146,260],"server":[148],"not":[150,168],"expected":[153],"uplink":[154],"2)":[157],"interference":[159],"ensure":[162],"extra":[164],"does":[167],"negatively":[169],"impact":[170],"bandwidth.":[173],"We":[174],"evaluate":[175],"on":[177],"1000-node":[179],"simulator":[180],"with":[181,190,246],"up":[182,199,219,225,255],"ten":[184],"gateways":[185],"10-node":[188],"testbed":[189],"2-gateways.":[191],"results":[193],"show":[194],"can":[197],"achieve":[198],"12%":[201],"higher":[202],"packet":[203],"delivery":[204],"ratio":[205],"(PDR)":[206],"total":[208],"per":[211],"node":[212],"while":[213],"increasing":[214],"minimum":[216],"PDR":[217,259],"by":[218],"28%.":[221],"These":[222],"improvements":[223],"save":[224],"50%":[227],"node\u2019s":[228],"energy.":[229],"Finally,":[230],"demonstrate":[232],"comparable":[236],"performance":[237],"optimal":[240],"solution":[241],"(wired":[242],"centralized)":[244],"but":[245],"2\u201332":[247],"times":[248],"lower":[249],"costs.":[251],"also":[253],"14%":[257],"better":[258],"compared":[261],"FLIP,":[263],"wired-distributed":[265],"protocol":[267],"certain":[269],"scenarios.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
