{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3214512435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3125795","title":"DarkVLP: \u201cLights-Off\u201d Visible-Light Positioning","display_name":"DarkVLP: \u201cLights-Off\u201d Visible-Light Positioning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3214512435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3125795","mag":"3214512435"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3125795","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3125795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331362","display_name":"Xiangyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7466-418X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7466-418X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003379167","display_name":"Xuetao Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4450-2251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuetao Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4450-2251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100344290","display_name":"Lei Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5860-0082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5860-0082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100738003","display_name":"Song Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100331362"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.61,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68056695,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"13","first_page":"11071","last_page":"11084"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8115140199661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.7248782515525818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminance","display_name":"Luminance","score":0.5966039299964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodiode","display_name":"Photodiode","score":0.586801290512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.4779812693595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.47615620493888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4643877446651459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.446085125207901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.42887985706329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.42503392696380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.42299777269363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.42080438137054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4204155206680298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.356056272983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.3308106064796448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33076775074005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3197813332080841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18321898579597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1389804482460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1281176507472992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11589571833610535}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8115140199661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.7248782515525818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.5966039299964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C751236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175943","display_name":"Photodiode","level":2,"score":0.586801290512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.4779812693595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.47615620493888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4643877446651459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.446085125207901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.42887985706329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.42503392696380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.42299777269363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.42080438137054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4204155206680298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.356056272983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.3308106064796448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33076775074005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3197813332080841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18321898579597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1389804482460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1281176507472992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11589571833610535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3125795","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3125795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6794433950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515011268","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7029046433","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CQXT21019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321135","funder_display_name":"Chongqing University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321135","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1472267176","https://openalex.org/W1593984360","https://openalex.org/W1965855313","https://openalex.org/W1969881454","https://openalex.org/W1972125644","https://openalex.org/W1976247785","https://openalex.org/W1976834654","https://openalex.org/W1977838976","https://openalex.org/W1979351038","https://openalex.org/W1995049014","https://openalex.org/W2011524391","https://openalex.org/W2017177253","https://openalex.org/W2022246132","https://openalex.org/W2027781082","https://openalex.org/W2029140907","https://openalex.org/W2040171232","https://openalex.org/W2042706896","https://openalex.org/W2048022299","https://openalex.org/W2067053438","https://openalex.org/W2081004296","https://openalex.org/W2103081201","https://openalex.org/W2105580634","https://openalex.org/W2107775381","https://openalex.org/W2109603334","https://openalex.org/W2130198719","https://openalex.org/W2132758145","https://openalex.org/W2144644352","https://openalex.org/W2148284840","https://openalex.org/W2151488121","https://openalex.org/W2162401014","https://openalex.org/W2296307405","https://openalex.org/W2397276768","https://openalex.org/W2510628573","https://openalex.org/W2526689049","https://openalex.org/W2539482288","https://openalex.org/W2548999817","https://openalex.org/W2562522049","https://openalex.org/W2600987196","https://openalex.org/W2626824834","https://openalex.org/W2763565886","https://openalex.org/W2767689179","https://openalex.org/W2783742434","https://openalex.org/W2888183437","https://openalex.org/W2889049333","https://openalex.org/W2898006772","https://openalex.org/W2905503308","https://openalex.org/W2980743394","https://openalex.org/W3001044503","https://openalex.org/W3101674493","https://openalex.org/W6628331383","https://openalex.org/W6835901080"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2501797479","https://openalex.org/W2997630107","https://openalex.org/W3109516991","https://openalex.org/W1544202060","https://openalex.org/W2291056487","https://openalex.org/W2395898055","https://openalex.org/W2779101090","https://openalex.org/W2289948051","https://openalex.org/W3081944688","https://openalex.org/W1938994607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visible-light":[0],"positioning":[1,10,72,113,145],"(VLP)":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"considered":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,64,100,128],"promising":[8],"indoor":[9],"technology":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,33,37,46,69,92,97,104,123,156],"its":[14],"high":[15],"precision":[16,189],"and":[17,62,112,133,167],"low":[18,87,193],"cost.":[19],"However,":[20],"current":[21],"VLP":[22,66],"techniques":[23],"are":[24,75],"greatly":[25,196],"limited":[26],"by":[27],"the":[28,52,55,85,118,125,138,143,161,191],"assumption":[29],"that":[30,48,89,182],"lights":[31,74,83],"have":[32,103],"be":[34],"turned":[35],"on":[36,172],"emit":[38,84],"shining":[39],"light":[40],"beams,":[41],"which":[42,147,195],"is":[43,90],"not":[44,50],"applicable":[45],"scenarios":[47,199],"do":[49],"need":[51,126],"illumination":[53],"all":[54],"time.":[56],"In":[57,95,160],"this":[58],"article,":[59],"we":[60,102,116,163],"design":[61,164],"implement":[63],"novel":[65,165],"system,":[67,101],"DarkVLP,":[68],"achieve":[70,158,187],"high-precision":[71],"when":[73],"\u201cturned":[76],"off.\u201d":[77],"The":[78,176],"\u201cturn":[79],"off\u201d":[80],"state":[81],"means":[82],"extremely":[86,192],"luminance":[88],"imperceptible":[91],"human":[93],"eyes.":[94],"order":[96],"realize":[98],"such":[99],"tackle":[105],"nontrivial":[106],"challenges":[107],"in":[108],"data":[109],"encoding/decoding,":[110],"modulation/demodulation,":[111],"algorithm.":[114],"Specifically,":[115],"propose":[117,142],"sliding":[119],"rheostat-based":[120],"modulation":[121],"scheme":[122],"eliminate":[124],"of":[127,151,178,200],"complex":[129],"signal":[130,153],"synchronization":[131],"mechanism":[132],"landmark":[134],"recognition":[135],"algorithm":[136],"at":[137],"receiver.":[139],"We":[140],"also":[141],"dual-photodiode-based":[144],"algorithm,":[146],"effectively":[148],"mitigates":[149],"effects":[150],"substantial":[152],"strength":[154],"fluctuation,":[155],"reliably":[157],"VLP.":[159,201],"end,":[162],"circuits":[166],"prototype":[168],"our":[169,183],"system":[170,185],"DarkVLP":[171,184],"commercial":[173],"off-the-shelf":[174],"devices.":[175],"results":[177],"extensive":[179],"experiments":[180],"demonstrate":[181],"could":[186],"submeter":[188],"under":[190],"luminance,":[194],"broadens":[197],"application":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}