{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210634370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3124007","title":"EntrapNet: A Blockchain-Based Verification Protocol for Trustless Computing","display_name":"EntrapNet: A Blockchain-Based Verification Protocol for Trustless Computing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210634370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3124007","mag":"3210634370"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3124007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3124007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100424917","display_name":"Chong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7097-4220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7097-4220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603177","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-5532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078233865","display_name":"Senbiao Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Senbiao Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3911,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65000388,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"11","first_page":"8024","last_page":"8035"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8426421880722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6148916482925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5657980442047119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.551087498664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5062095522880554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.47958675026893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utility-computing","display_name":"Utility computing","score":0.42359307408332825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.3475834131240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.1752704381942749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1351209282875061}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8426421880722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6148916482925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5657980442047119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.551087498664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5062095522880554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.47958675026893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85106507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188445","display_name":"Utility computing","level":4,"score":0.42359307408332825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.3475834131240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.1752704381942749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1351209282875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3124007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3124007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70331077","https://openalex.org/W2018746447","https://openalex.org/W2034219630","https://openalex.org/W2067700169","https://openalex.org/W2080288192","https://openalex.org/W2098843110","https://openalex.org/W2100818808","https://openalex.org/W2107875765","https://openalex.org/W2113642685","https://openalex.org/W2114579022","https://openalex.org/W2122718825","https://openalex.org/W2138736975","https://openalex.org/W2171337840","https://openalex.org/W2399579591","https://openalex.org/W2810807736","https://openalex.org/W3134927341","https://openalex.org/W3135569543","https://openalex.org/W4226137457","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4388443032","https://openalex.org/W6766761815","https://openalex.org/W6791711865"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2910471270","https://openalex.org/W2786605657","https://openalex.org/W2286927204","https://openalex.org/W2542495494","https://openalex.org/W3010392315","https://openalex.org/W2148369338","https://openalex.org/W4387238100","https://openalex.org/W4364380763","https://openalex.org/W1963973343","https://openalex.org/W3158201183"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,82],"article,":[2],"we":[3,59],"propose":[4],"a":[5,70],"blockchain-based":[6],"computing":[7,14,46,56,111],"verification":[8],"protocol,":[9],"calledEntrapNet,":[10],"for":[11,20],"distributed":[12],"shared":[13],"networks,":[15],"an":[16,77,94],"emerging":[17],"underlying":[18],"network":[19,103],"many":[21],"Internet":[22],"of":[23,34,43,69,100],"Things":[24],"(IoT)":[25],"applications.":[26],"EntrapNet":[27,62,89],"borrows":[28],"the":[29,32,41,55,66],"idea":[30],"from":[31,48],"practice":[33],"entrapment":[35],"in":[36],"criminal":[37],"law":[38],"to":[39,63,81],"reduce":[40],"possibility":[42],"receiving":[44],"incorrect":[45],"results":[47],"trustless":[49,102],"service":[50],"providers":[51],"who":[52],"have":[53],"offered":[54],"resources.":[57],"Furthermore,":[58],"mathematically":[60],"optimize":[61],"deal":[64],"with":[65],"fundamental":[67],"tradeoff":[68],"network:":[71],"security":[72],"and":[73,96,113],"efficiency.":[74],"We":[75],"present":[76],"asymptotic":[78],"optimal":[79],"solution":[80],"optimization.":[83],"It":[84],"will":[85],"be":[86,91],"seen":[87],"that":[88,104],"can":[90],"performed":[92],"as":[93],"independent":[95],"low-cost":[97],"layer":[98],"atop":[99],"any":[101],"requires":[105],"outsourced":[106],"computing,":[107],"thus":[108],"making":[109],"secure":[110],"affordable":[112],"practical.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
