{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210050257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3123376","title":"NB-IoT Random Access for Nonterrestrial Networks: Preamble Detection and Uplink Synchronization","display_name":"NB-IoT Random Access for Nonterrestrial Networks: Preamble Detection and Uplink Synchronization","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210050257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3123376","mag":"3210050257"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3123376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3123376","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6488907/9852161/09590534.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6488907/9852161/09590534.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066872604","display_name":"Houcine Chougrani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5316-3207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Houcine Chougrani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006190061","display_name":"Steven Kisseleff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8537-9387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Kisseleff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052025135","display_name":"Wallace A. Martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3788-2794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["BR","LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wallace A. Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","Electrical Engineering Program (PEE/COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Program (PEE/COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016154330","display_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066872604"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":44.8798,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99678687,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"16","first_page":"14913","last_page":"14927"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preamble","display_name":"Preamble","score":0.9272505044937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.824642539024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.796911358833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.6865619421005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6242192387580872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access","display_name":"Random access","score":0.6179330945014954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3782915472984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3287312388420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.07039955258369446}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780691134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129448","display_name":"Preamble","level":3,"score":0.9272505044937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.824642539024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.796911358833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.6865619421005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6242192387580872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101722063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218825","display_name":"Random access","level":2,"score":0.6179330945014954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3782915472984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3287312388420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.07039955258369446}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3123376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3123376","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6488907/9852161/09590534.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/49122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9590534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3123376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3123376","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6488907/9852161/09590534.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4090078306","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C20/IS/14767486","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","funder_display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8663943070","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C20/IS/14767486/MegaLeo","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","funder_display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210050257.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210050257.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W591205089","https://openalex.org/W2157791463","https://openalex.org/W2964260754","https://openalex.org/W3022703741","https://openalex.org/W3045605679","https://openalex.org/W3089706104","https://openalex.org/W3093835058","https://openalex.org/W3101489899","https://openalex.org/W3107056885"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2586215923","https://openalex.org/W3198850615","https://openalex.org/W2575325773","https://openalex.org/W2393245530","https://openalex.org/W2900300196","https://openalex.org/W2740111078","https://openalex.org/W143843055","https://openalex.org/W3119672506","https://openalex.org/W2519310898","https://openalex.org/W2889234188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"satellite":[1,72,154],"component":[2],"is":[3,118,150],"recognized":[4],"as":[5,50],"a":[6,27,89,100],"promising":[7],"solution":[8],"to":[9,30,81,87,152,170],"complement":[10],"and":[11,62,95,136,163],"extend":[12],"the":[13,41,71,109,121,126,171,179,192],"coverage":[14],"of":[15,18,92,182],"future":[16],"Internet":[17],"Things":[19],"(IoT)":[20],"terrestrial":[21],"networks":[22],"(TNs).":[23],"In":[24,142],"this":[25,106],"context,":[26,128],"study":[28],"item":[29],"integrate":[31],"satellites":[32],"into":[33],"narrowband-IoT":[34],"(NB-IoT)":[35],"systems":[36,52],"has":[37],"been":[38],"approved":[39],"within":[40],"3rd":[42],"Generation":[43],"Partnership":[44],"Project":[45],"(3GPP)":[46],"standardization":[47],"body.":[48],"However,":[49],"NB-IoT":[51,77,115,173],"were":[53],"initially":[54],"conceived":[55],"for":[56,99,108,129,139,191],"TNs,":[57],"their":[58],"basic":[59],"design":[60],"principles":[61],"operation":[63],"might":[64],"require":[65],"some":[66],"key":[67],"modifications":[68],"when":[69],"incorporating":[70],"component.":[73],"These":[74],"changes":[75],"in":[76,85,114,119,125],"systems,":[78,116],"therefore,":[79],"need":[80],"be":[82],"carefully":[83],"implemented":[84],"order":[86],"guarantee":[88],"seamless":[90],"integration":[91],"both":[93],"TN":[94],"nonterrestrial":[96],"network":[97],"(NTN)":[98],"global":[101],"coverage.":[102],"This":[103],"article":[104],"addresses":[105],"adaptation":[107],"random":[110],"access":[111],"(RA)":[112],"step":[113],"which":[117,149],"fact":[120],"most":[122],"challenging":[123],"aspect":[124],"NTN":[127,185],"it":[130],"deals":[131],"with":[132],"multiuser":[133],"time-frequency":[134],"synchronization":[135],"timing":[137],"advance":[138],"data":[140],"scheduling.":[141],"particular,":[143],"we":[144],"propose":[145],"an":[146],"RA":[147,174],"technique":[148],"robust":[151],"typical":[153],"channel":[155],"impairments,":[156],"including":[157],"long":[158],"delays,":[159],"significant":[160],"Doppler":[161],"effects,":[162],"wide":[164],"beams,":[165],"without":[166],"requiring":[167],"any":[168],"modification":[169],"current":[172],"waveform.":[175],"Performance":[176],"evaluations":[177],"demonstrate":[178],"proposal\u2019s":[180],"capability":[181],"addressing":[183],"different":[184],"configurations":[186],"recently":[187],"defined":[188],"by":[189],"3GPP":[190],"5G":[193],"new":[194],"radio":[195],"system.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
