{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205236965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3120197","title":"Threat of Adversarial Attacks on DL-Based IoT Device Identification","display_name":"Threat of Adversarial Attacks on DL-Based IoT Device Identification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205236965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3120197","mag":"3205236965"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3120197","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3120197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003947170","display_name":"Zhida Bao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhida Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100778980","display_name":"Yun Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4002-1282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030578911","display_name":"Sicheng Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sicheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101524611","display_name":"Zixin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7938-1066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080122431","display_name":"Shiwen Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7052-0007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiwen Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003947170"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.5789,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":126,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99079817,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"11","first_page":"9012","last_page":"9024"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8849889039993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8612902760505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7442165017127991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5747185945510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5425513386726379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.521598219871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5086806416511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.467459499835968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.4605713188648224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4553958475589752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threat-model","display_name":"Threat model","score":0.44368940591812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3692196011543274}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8849889039993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8612902760505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7442165017127991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5747185945510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5425513386726379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.521598219871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5086806416511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.467459499835968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.4605713188648224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4553958475589752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.44368940591812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3692196011543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3120197","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3120197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1582923779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771154","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1683709329","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3072021CF0815","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321939","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2530876040","https://openalex.org/W2538525524","https://openalex.org/W2560119283","https://openalex.org/W2596636257","https://openalex.org/W2619383789","https://openalex.org/W2772387500","https://openalex.org/W2774644650","https://openalex.org/W2780186312","https://openalex.org/W2791256362","https://openalex.org/W2808420356","https://openalex.org/W2810611310","https://openalex.org/W2892341857","https://openalex.org/W2908997014","https://openalex.org/W2909545524","https://openalex.org/W2916238263","https://openalex.org/W2917485473","https://openalex.org/W2938144699","https://openalex.org/W2938873567","https://openalex.org/W2942067158","https://openalex.org/W2945528624","https://openalex.org/W2945542139","https://openalex.org/W2946313841","https://openalex.org/W2955127209","https://openalex.org/W2962700793","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2963707011","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964162474","https://openalex.org/W2964253222","https://openalex.org/W2966491090","https://openalex.org/W2968867107","https://openalex.org/W2971480956","https://openalex.org/W2974739971","https://openalex.org/W2981392034","https://openalex.org/W2983729222","https://openalex.org/W3003438155","https://openalex.org/W3013935691","https://openalex.org/W3016147814","https://openalex.org/W3023365694","https://openalex.org/W3023683268","https://openalex.org/W3031570917","https://openalex.org/W3034414373","https://openalex.org/W3038716110","https://openalex.org/W3042934865","https://openalex.org/W3047492485","https://openalex.org/W3048385670","https://openalex.org/W3083877801","https://openalex.org/W3087940812","https://openalex.org/W3088383832","https://openalex.org/W3098755434","https://openalex.org/W3125827990","https://openalex.org/W3138238777","https://openalex.org/W3146023480","https://openalex.org/W3148675415","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6681673350","https://openalex.org/W6738884980","https://openalex.org/W6757355660","https://openalex.org/W6792098208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950183588","https://openalex.org/W3080754722","https://openalex.org/W3093978547","https://openalex.org/W2953536436","https://openalex.org/W3203790781","https://openalex.org/W4313346231","https://openalex.org/W2738001131","https://openalex.org/W4285785480","https://openalex.org/W2997056298","https://openalex.org/W4298079292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,5,8,13,57,73,87,95,99,112,136,144,149,152,160,169,183],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,10,15,59,72,82,89,101,114,132,151,185],"information":[6],"technology,":[7],"number":[9],"devices":[11],"in":[12,38],"Internet":[14],"Things":[16],"(IoT)":[17],"is":[18,70,81],"increasing":[19],"explosively,":[20],"which":[21,53],"makes":[22],"device":[23,36,65,104,125,171],"identification":[24,37,105,126,145],"a":[25],"great":[26,83],"challenge.":[27],"Deep":[28],"neural":[29,122],"networks":[30],"(DNNs)":[31],"have":[32],"been":[33],"used":[34],"for":[35,64,77,98,182],"IoT":[39,188],"due":[40],"to":[41,50,85,93,134,167],"their":[42],"superior":[43],"learning":[44,61],"ability.":[45],"However,":[46],"DNNs":[47],"are":[48,165],"susceptible":[49],"adversarial":[51,68,90,118],"attacks,":[52],"can":[54],"greatly":[55],"degrade":[56],"accuracy":[58,146],"deep":[60],"(DL)":[62],"models":[63],"identification.":[66],"The":[67,174],"attack":[69,96],"one":[71],"fundamental":[74],"security":[75],"concerns":[76],"DNNs,":[78],"and":[79,92,116,127,155,159],"it":[80],"importance":[84],"study":[86,178],"generation":[88],"examples":[91],"examine":[94,111],"effects":[97,113],"design":[100,184],"robust":[102,186],"DNN-based":[103],"schemes.":[106],"In":[107],"this":[108,177],"article,":[109],"we":[110],"nontargeted":[115],"targeted":[117],"attacks":[119],"on":[120],"convolutional":[121],"network":[123],"(CNN)-based":[124],"propose":[128],"combined":[129,162],"evaluation":[130,137,163],"indicators":[131,164],"logits":[133],"enrich":[135],"criteria.":[138],"Our":[139],"experimental":[140],"results":[141],"demonstrate":[142],"that":[143],"degrades":[147],"with":[148],"increase":[150],"perturbation":[153],"level":[154],"iteration":[156],"step":[157],"size,":[158],"proposed":[161],"effective":[166],"show":[168],"individual":[170],"signal":[172],"differences.":[173],"insights":[175],"from":[176],"will":[179],"be":[180],"useful":[181],"DL-based":[187],"systems.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}