{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199830583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3114232","title":"A Unified Analytical Framework for RSS-Based Localization Systems","display_name":"A Unified Analytical Framework for RSS-Based Localization Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199830583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3114232","mag":"3199830583"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3114232","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3114232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059048425","display_name":"Jiajun He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4304-7354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiajun He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032507972","display_name":"Young Jin Chun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5639-2099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124427","display_name":"City College of Dongguan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02vdh2x09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799850029","https://openalex.org/I4210124427"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young Jin Chun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Center for Internet of Things, City University of Hong Kong Dongguan Research Institute, Dongguan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Internet of Things, City University of Hong Kong Dongguan Research Institute, Dongguan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124427","https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082563150","display_name":"Hing Cheung So","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-7898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hing Cheung So","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059048425"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0159,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7603685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"9","first_page":"6506","last_page":"6519"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.8914669156074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.8799799084663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.6395589113235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.6320787668228149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6153542399406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5887318849563599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5525880455970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5435895323753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.5073234438896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3747967481613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3433369994163513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.2200942039489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.13296839594841003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.10071316361427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0787348747253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.07820752263069153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.8914669156074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.8799799084663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.6395589113235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.6320787668228149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6153542399406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5887318849563599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5525880455970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5435895323753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.5073234438896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3747967481613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3433369994163513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.2200942039489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.13296839594841003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.10071316361427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0787348747253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.07820752263069153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3114232","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3114232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1343314324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9229080","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","funder_display_name":"City University of Hong Kong"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G244376051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21219520","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","funder_display_name":"City University of Hong Kong"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4383030191","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"7200618","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","funder_display_name":"City University of Hong Kong"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W631335369","https://openalex.org/W1497242370","https://openalex.org/W1506974941","https://openalex.org/W1972485395","https://openalex.org/W1982194174","https://openalex.org/W1988467462","https://openalex.org/W1988543519","https://openalex.org/W2045445790","https://openalex.org/W2055939541","https://openalex.org/W2057540419","https://openalex.org/W2058403156","https://openalex.org/W2067301881","https://openalex.org/W2075253701","https://openalex.org/W2081450055","https://openalex.org/W2088498222","https://openalex.org/W2098484510","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2114505000","https://openalex.org/W2115094114","https://openalex.org/W2122224951","https://openalex.org/W2122621581","https://openalex.org/W2122694683","https://openalex.org/W2124945426","https://openalex.org/W2135401627","https://openalex.org/W2143252188","https://openalex.org/W2148063475","https://openalex.org/W2150151472","https://openalex.org/W2150166076","https://openalex.org/W2462826356","https://openalex.org/W2736002158","https://openalex.org/W2769423763","https://openalex.org/W2807841289","https://openalex.org/W2888342233","https://openalex.org/W2906226899","https://openalex.org/W2955317519","https://openalex.org/W2962993622","https://openalex.org/W2963624419","https://openalex.org/W2964153935","https://openalex.org/W2964173589","https://openalex.org/W3036328571","https://openalex.org/W3098143411","https://openalex.org/W3103787556","https://openalex.org/W4210850880","https://openalex.org/W4210869902","https://openalex.org/W4250313466"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095065017","https://openalex.org/W2138144598","https://openalex.org/W1974000248","https://openalex.org/W2082904991","https://openalex.org/W2171533994","https://openalex.org/W2742766041","https://openalex.org/W2085803349","https://openalex.org/W2387140101","https://openalex.org/W1979558256","https://openalex.org/W2946632095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Positioning":[0],"based":[1,238],"on":[2,142,184,239,282],"received":[3],"signal":[4],"strength":[5],"(RSS)":[6],"is":[7,129,138,194,224,255],"regarded":[8,225],"as":[9,226],"a":[10,124,136,185,227],"promising":[11],"candidate":[12],"for":[13,66,102],"localization":[14,34,38,85,95,118,182,222,276,295,301],"purposes":[15],"in":[16,36,278],"wireless":[17],"networks":[18],"due":[19],"to":[20,70,91,100,131,179,267,290],"its":[21,192,233],"feasibility":[22],"and":[23,28,56,106,189,231,257],"deployability.":[24],"In":[25],"general,":[26],"multilateration":[27,122],"fingerprinting":[29,221],"algorithms":[30],"are":[31,41,89,261],"the":[32,44,54,67,71,81,93,109,117,121,133,143,161,164,181,220,240,244,258,264,283,299],"primary":[33],"methods":[35,254],"RSS-based":[37,94,294],"systems,":[39],"which":[40],"assessed":[42],"by":[43,200],"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao":[45],"lower":[46],"bound":[47],"(CRLB),":[48],"given":[49],"fixed":[50],"node":[51],"locations,":[52],"including":[53],"target":[55,137],"participating":[57,146],"anchors.":[58],"However,":[59],"this":[60,113],"methodology":[61],"produces":[62],"only":[63],"definite":[64],"values":[65],"CRLB":[68,162],"specific":[69],"scenario":[72],"of":[73,84,120,127,145,160,176,243,251],"interest":[74],"while":[75],"does":[76],"not":[77],"provide":[78,156],"insights":[79],"into":[80],"fundamental":[82],"limits":[83],"performance.":[86,114],"Thus,":[87],"we":[88,155,285],"motivated":[90],"analyze":[92],"performance":[96,119,193,234,277],"using":[97,163],"stochastic":[98],"geometry":[99],"allow":[101],"randomly":[103],"distributed":[104],"nodes":[105],"investigate":[107],"how":[108,191],"nodes\u2019":[110],"locations":[111],"influence":[112],"To":[115],"characterize":[116],"method,":[123],"tractable":[125],"expression":[126],"localizability":[128],"provided":[130],"indicate":[132],"probability":[134],"that":[135,269,297],"localizable.":[139],"Then,":[140],"conditioned":[141],"number":[144],"anchors":[147],"<inline-formula":[148,165,202,210],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[149,166,203,211],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[150,167,204,212],"<tex-math":[151,168,205,213],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$L$":[152],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[153,173,208,216],",":[154],"an":[157,288,293],"accurate":[158],"approximation":[159],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\lceil":[169],"L/4":[170],"\\rceil":[171],"$":[172,207,215],"th":[174],"value":[175],"ordered":[177],"distances":[178],"quantify":[180],"accuracy":[183],"random":[186],"network":[187],"setting":[188],"examine":[190],"influenced":[195],"under":[196],"different":[197],"propagation":[198],"channels":[199],"utilizing":[201],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\kappa":[206],"\u2013":[209],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mu":[214],"shadowed":[217],"fading.":[218],"Next,":[219],"problem":[223],"hypothesis":[228],"testing":[229],"problem,":[230],"thus,":[232],"can":[235,273,286],"be":[236],"evaluated":[237],"similarity":[241],"analysis":[242,250],"observed":[245],"RSS":[246],"fingerprints.":[247],"A":[248],"comprehensive":[249],"these":[252],"two":[253],"performed,":[256],"derived":[259],"calculations":[260],"compared":[262],"with":[263],"experimental":[265],"results":[266],"demonstrate":[268],"our":[270],"unified":[271],"framework":[272],"precisely":[274],"reflect":[275],"real-world":[279],"scenarios.":[280],"Based":[281],"analysis,":[284],"develop":[287],"insight":[289],"optimally":[291],"design":[292],"system":[296],"achieves":[298],"specified":[300],"requirements.":[302]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}