{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199482859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3113900","title":"KFRNN: An Effective False Data Injection Attack Detection in Smart Grid Based on Kalman Filter and Recurrent Neural Network","display_name":"KFRNN: An Effective False Data Injection Attack Detection in Smart Grid Based on Kalman Filter and Recurrent Neural Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199482859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3113900","mag":"3199482859"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3113900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3113900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100367924","display_name":"Yufeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0448-325X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0448-325X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhihao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1003-9913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1003-9913","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357293","display_name":"Jianhua Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4497-0407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204291657","display_name":"Hosei University","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx6dj65","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204291657"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer & Information Sciences, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer & Information Sciences, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204291657"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061363755","display_name":"Qun Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1325-4275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qun Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1325-4275","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.5564,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":113,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98904869,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"9","first_page":"6893","last_page":"6904"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7443854808807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.7363080382347107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6044114828109741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5449574589729309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4416356086730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3756425082683563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14781856536865234}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7443854808807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.7363080382347107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6044114828109741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5449574589729309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4416356086730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3756425082683563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14781856536865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3113900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3113900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327794","display_name":"Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975603641","https://openalex.org/W2002254092","https://openalex.org/W2038705219","https://openalex.org/W2039984414","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2075565671","https://openalex.org/W2087423941","https://openalex.org/W2091497071","https://openalex.org/W2106424475","https://openalex.org/W2115472369","https://openalex.org/W2124861999","https://openalex.org/W2168046285","https://openalex.org/W2319367234","https://openalex.org/W2550453031","https://openalex.org/W2615509641","https://openalex.org/W2735539676","https://openalex.org/W2763635194","https://openalex.org/W2776990447","https://openalex.org/W2781966338","https://openalex.org/W2789758093","https://openalex.org/W2808972340","https://openalex.org/W2879766152","https://openalex.org/W2906885438","https://openalex.org/W2907470612","https://openalex.org/W2921333516","https://openalex.org/W2944712366","https://openalex.org/W2945266608","https://openalex.org/W2952569591","https://openalex.org/W2965301612","https://openalex.org/W2967561991","https://openalex.org/W2977733636","https://openalex.org/W2984195658","https://openalex.org/W2990267353","https://openalex.org/W3003110015","https://openalex.org/W3013246316","https://openalex.org/W3016957032","https://openalex.org/W3027374119","https://openalex.org/W3083711951","https://openalex.org/W3092757230","https://openalex.org/W3125993293"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4313488044","https://openalex.org/W3209574120","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4210805261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,79,113],"smart":[1,8,41],"grid":[2,42],"is":[3,91,105,157],"now":[4],"increasingly":[5],"dependent":[6],"on":[7],"devices":[9],"to":[10,96,107,125,159],"operate,":[11],"which":[12,87],"leaves":[13],"space":[14],"for":[15,93],"cyber":[16],"attacks.":[17],"Especially,":[18],"the":[19,30,40,57,71,88,101,109,117,128,140,147,151,154],"intentionally":[20],"designed":[21],"false":[22],"data":[23,35,43,111],"injection":[24],"attack":[25],"(FDIA)":[26],"can":[27],"successfully":[28],"bypass":[29],"traditional":[31],"measurement":[32],"residual-based":[33],"bad":[34],"detection":[36,68,184],"scheme.":[37],"Considering":[38],"that":[39,170],"naturally":[44],"contain":[45],"linear":[46,98],"and":[47,74,100,121,150,180],"nonlinear":[48,110],"components,":[49],"inspired":[50],"by":[51,56],"parallel":[52],"ensemble":[53,181],"learning,":[54],"especially":[55],"stacking":[58],"method,":[59],"this":[60],"article":[61],"presents":[62],"an":[63],"effective":[64],"two-level":[65],"learner-based":[66],"FDIA":[67,162,183],"scheme":[69,172],"using":[70],"Kalman":[72,89],"filter":[73,90],"recurrent":[75,102],"neural":[76,103,178],"network":[77,104],"(KFRNN).":[78],"first":[80],"level":[81],"includes":[82],"two":[83,131],"base":[84,132],"learners,":[85],"in":[86],"used":[92,106],"state":[94],"prediction":[95],"fit":[97,108],"data,":[99],"feature.":[112],"second-level":[114],"learner":[115],"uses":[116],"fully":[118],"connected":[119],"layer":[120],"backpropagation":[122],"(BP)":[123],"module":[124],"adaptively":[126],"combine":[127],"results":[129,168],"of":[130,139,142],"learners.":[133],"Then,":[134],"through":[135],"fitting":[136],"Weibull":[137],"distribution":[138],"sum":[141],"square":[143],"errors":[144],"(SSEs)":[145],"between":[146],"observed":[148],"measurements":[149],"predicted":[152],"measurements,":[153],"dynamic":[155],"threshold":[156],"obtained":[158],"judge":[160],"whether":[161],"occurs":[163],"or":[164],"not.":[165],"Comprehensive":[166],"simulation":[167],"show":[169],"our":[171],"has":[173],"better":[174],"performance":[175],"than":[176],"other":[177],"network-based":[179],"learning-based":[182],"schemes.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}