{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3187828410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3102831","title":"LSTM-Characterized Deep Reinforcement Learning for Continuous Flight Control and Resource Allocation in UAV-Assisted Sensor Network","display_name":"LSTM-Characterized Deep Reinforcement Learning for Continuous Flight Control and Resource Allocation in UAV-Assisted Sensor Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3187828410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3102831","mag":"3187828410"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3102831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3102831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399848","display_name":"Kai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-2392"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Real-Time and Embedded Computing Systems Research Centre (CISTER), Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Real-Time and Embedded Computing Systems Research Centre (CISTER), Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021527965","display_name":"Wei Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0780-4637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101388","display_name":"Health Sciences and Nutrition","ror":"https://ror.org/0152bt112","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210101388","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Productivity and Services Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Productivity and Services Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101388"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042212040","display_name":"Falko Dressler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1989-1750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Falko Dressler","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100399848"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":41.4112,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99640733,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"6","first_page":"4179","last_page":"4189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8055998086929321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.7926357984542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7371289134025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.7171335816383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.6485320329666138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6154724955558777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5194172859191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.4521697461605072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-loss","display_name":"Packet loss","score":0.42963337898254395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3813379108905792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23925024271011353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.09381580352783203}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8055998086929321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.7926357984542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7371289134025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.7171335816383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6485320329666138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6154724955558777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5194172859191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.4521697461605072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54108766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391064","display_name":"Packet loss","level":3,"score":0.42963337898254395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3813379108905792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23925024271011353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.09381580352783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3102831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3102831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031834036","https://openalex.org/W2046672513","https://openalex.org/W2173248099","https://openalex.org/W2320721588","https://openalex.org/W2382354666","https://openalex.org/W2559131491","https://openalex.org/W2606042658","https://openalex.org/W2790034449","https://openalex.org/W2790750951","https://openalex.org/W2886509985","https://openalex.org/W2893840011","https://openalex.org/W2906848335","https://openalex.org/W2910278564","https://openalex.org/W2929609312","https://openalex.org/W2962262066","https://openalex.org/W2962890638","https://openalex.org/W2963258937","https://openalex.org/W2964023906","https://openalex.org/W2969528832","https://openalex.org/W2973229164","https://openalex.org/W2990270976","https://openalex.org/W2991616811","https://openalex.org/W3004720322","https://openalex.org/W3012163124","https://openalex.org/W3012319098","https://openalex.org/W3019290518","https://openalex.org/W3034269492","https://openalex.org/W3034825911","https://openalex.org/W3037757350","https://openalex.org/W3039350537","https://openalex.org/W3040978956","https://openalex.org/W3041678225","https://openalex.org/W3048217314","https://openalex.org/W3081323070","https://openalex.org/W3107482673","https://openalex.org/W3111740206","https://openalex.org/W3120982927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W3003320923","https://openalex.org/W2106140982","https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W2152313554","https://openalex.org/W3092582874","https://openalex.org/W2065450024","https://openalex.org/W2278962595","https://openalex.org/W3199712142","https://openalex.org/W2134402536"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1],"vehicles":[2],"(UAVs)":[3],"can":[4,28,41],"be":[5],"employed":[6],"to":[7,18,25,64,114,150,178],"collect":[8],"sensory":[9],"data":[10,27,30,68,100,137],"in":[11,43,71],"remote":[12],"wireless":[13],"sensor":[14,23],"networks":[15],"(WSNs).":[16],"Due":[17],"UAV’s":[19],"maneuvering,":[20],"scheduling":[21],"a":[22,54,72,103,140,165],"device":[24,98],"transmit":[26],"overflow":[29],"buffers":[31],"of":[32,91,134,154],"the":[33,48,66,92,96,127,132,152,155,161,170,179],"unscheduled":[34],"ground":[35,97,128],"devices.":[36,129],"Moreover,":[37],"lossy":[38],"airborne":[39,121],"channels":[40,122],"result":[42],"packet":[44,69,171],"reception":[45],"errors":[46],"at":[47,126],"scheduled":[49],"sensor.":[50],"This":[51],"article":[52],"proposes":[53],"new":[55],"deep":[56,80,181],"reinforcement":[57,182],"learning-based":[58],"flight":[59],"resource":[60],"allocation":[61],"framework":[62],"(DeFRA)":[63],"minimize":[65],"overall":[67],"loss":[70,172],"continuous":[73],"action":[74],"space.":[75],"DeFRA":[76,163],"is":[77,112],"based":[78],"on":[79],"deterministic":[81],"policy":[82],"gradient":[83],"(DDPG),":[84],"optimally":[85],"controls":[86],"instantaneous":[87],"headings":[88],"and":[89,94,123,144],"speeds":[90],"UAV,":[93],"selects":[95],"for":[99],"collection.":[101],"Furthermore,":[102],"state":[104],"characterization":[105],"layer,":[106],"leveraging":[107],"long":[108],"short-term":[109],"memory":[110],"(LSTM),":[111],"developed":[113],"predict":[115],"network":[116],"dynamics,":[117],"resulting":[118],"from":[119,139],"time-varying":[120],"energy":[124,145],"arrivals":[125],"To":[130],"validate":[131],"effectiveness":[133],"DeFRA,":[135],"experimental":[136],"collected":[138],"real-world":[141],"UAV":[142],"testbed":[143],"harvesting":[146],"WSN":[147],"are":[148],"utilized":[149],"train":[151],"actions":[153],"UAV.":[156],"Numerical":[157],"results":[158],"demonstrate":[159],"that":[160],"proposed":[162],"achieves":[164],"fast":[166],"convergence":[167],"while":[168],"reducing":[169],"by":[173],"over":[174],"15%,":[175],"as":[176],"compared":[177],"existing":[180],"learning":[183],"solutions.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}