{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3187579496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3101368","title":"EdgeLoc: A Robust and Real-Time Localization System Toward Heterogeneous IoT Devices","display_name":"EdgeLoc: A Robust and Real-Time Localization System Toward Heterogeneous IoT Devices","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3187579496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3101368","mag":"3187579496"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3101368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3101368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034932607","display_name":"Qianwen Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-527X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qianwen Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Science and Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","Department of Intelligent Science and Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China; Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Science and Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Science and Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China; Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060471213","display_name":"Hongxia Bie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3675-8476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongxia Bie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Science and Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","[Department of Intelligent Science and Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Science and Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Intelligent Science and Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063188437","display_name":"Kuan\u2010Ching Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-4364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177918364","display_name":"Providence University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fcpsq87","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177918364"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuan-Ching Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan","[Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177918364"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177918364"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103169022","display_name":"Xiaochen Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8945-3046"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaochen Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Assessment and Demonstration Research, AMS, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Assessment and Demonstration Research, AMS, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076665590","display_name":"Liangyi Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-8733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangyi Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","[School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006921134","display_name":"Xiangjian He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8962-540X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangjian He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103204489","display_name":"Gengfa Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0845-6718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gengfa Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034932607"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466","https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8335,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91101419,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"5","first_page":"3865","last_page":"3876"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9758999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8780566453933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.8168426752090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5262336134910583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5158390402793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.4574945867061615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.44927018880844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4417339265346527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.43136849999427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint-recognition","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","score":0.4143511950969696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4070889353752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.3141927421092987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2417721450328827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.2142547369003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.21290552616119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.20628488063812256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8780566453933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.8168426752090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5262336134910583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5158390402793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.4574945867061615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.44927018880844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4417339265346527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.43136849999427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.4143511950969696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4070889353752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3141927421092987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2417721450328827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2142547369003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.21290552616119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.20628488063812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3101368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3101368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G412208333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41174158","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5461702903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902211","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2966661","https://openalex.org/W1630879738","https://openalex.org/W2035136797","https://openalex.org/W2143228105","https://openalex.org/W2342827161","https://openalex.org/W2343794604","https://openalex.org/W2460055519","https://openalex.org/W2507151029","https://openalex.org/W2518733178","https://openalex.org/W2557998141","https://openalex.org/W2567370096","https://openalex.org/W2586153564","https://openalex.org/W2607595839","https://openalex.org/W2623902153","https://openalex.org/W2625026524","https://openalex.org/W2774684174","https://openalex.org/W2786027963","https://openalex.org/W2807038563","https://openalex.org/W2888912055","https://openalex.org/W2892404678","https://openalex.org/W2893900108","https://openalex.org/W2897159251","https://openalex.org/W2900427548","https://openalex.org/W2911941941","https://openalex.org/W2929765705","https://openalex.org/W2936219073","https://openalex.org/W2963359867","https://openalex.org/W2964029185","https://openalex.org/W2967881340","https://openalex.org/W2983658668","https://openalex.org/W3008695648","https://openalex.org/W3011169911","https://openalex.org/W3015884042","https://openalex.org/W3021789920","https://openalex.org/W3045848426","https://openalex.org/W3047491762","https://openalex.org/W3108261254","https://openalex.org/W3127699798","https://openalex.org/W3162925031","https://openalex.org/W3186646615","https://openalex.org/W6747920752","https://openalex.org/W6748053814","https://openalex.org/W6776320894"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014822659","https://openalex.org/W2117826006","https://openalex.org/W1621827506","https://openalex.org/W4362496757","https://openalex.org/W2051501574","https://openalex.org/W2124627279","https://openalex.org/W2050967184","https://openalex.org/W2566091814","https://openalex.org/W2114937328","https://openalex.org/W2148654711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indoor":[0],"localization":[1,58,73,95,192,232],"has":[2],"become":[3,29],"an":[4,172,239,246],"essential":[5],"demand":[6],"driven":[7],"by":[8,49,61,168,234],"indoor":[9,72],"location-based":[10],"services":[11],"(ILBSs)":[12],"for":[13,34,94,193],"mobile":[14],"users.":[15],"With":[16],"the":[17,32,81,86,98,114,119,141,159,179,184,210,227],"rising":[18],"of":[19,21,90,100,212,242,250],"Internet":[20],"Things":[22],"(IoT),":[23],"heterogeneous":[24,35,76,194],"smartphones":[25],"and":[26,57,70,96,107,188,245],"wearables":[27],"have":[28],"ubiquitous.":[30],"However,":[31],"ILBSs":[33],"IoT":[36,77,101,195],"devices":[37,78,102],"confront":[38],"significant":[39],"challenges,":[40],"such":[41],"as":[42],"received":[43],"signal":[44,142],"strength":[45],"(RSS)":[46],"variances":[47],"caused":[48],"hardware":[50,169],"heterogeneity,":[51],"multipath":[52],"reflections":[53],"from":[54,136],"complex":[55],"environments,":[56],"time":[59,249],"restricted":[60],"computation":[62],"resources.":[63],"This":[64],"article":[65],"proposes":[66,124],"EdgeLoc,":[67],"a":[68,125,144,215],"robust":[69],"real-time":[71,191],"system":[74],"toward":[75],"to":[79,112,131,150,162,177,182,208,236],"solve":[80],"above":[82],"challenges.":[83],"In":[84],"particular,":[85],"RSS":[87,116,137,152],"fingerprinting":[88,138],"data":[89,204,219],"Wi-Fi":[91,217],"is":[92,147,175],"employed":[93],"tackling":[97],"heterogeneity":[99],"in":[103,231],"twofold.":[104],"First,":[105],"feature-level":[106],"signal-level":[108],"solutions":[109],"are":[110,206],"presented":[111],"address":[113],"random":[115],"variances.":[117],"At":[118,140],"feature":[120,160],"level,":[121,143],"this":[122],"work":[123],"novel":[126],"capsule":[127],"neural":[128],"network":[129],"model":[130,187],"efficiently":[132],"extract":[133],"incremental":[134],"features":[135],"data.":[139],"multistep":[145],"dataflow":[146],"further":[148,189],"devised":[149],"process":[151],"fingerprints":[153],"into":[154],"image-like":[155],"data,":[156],"which":[157],"utilizes":[158],"matrix":[161],"reduce":[163],"absolute":[164],"sensing":[165],"errors":[166],"introduced":[167],"heterogeneity.":[170],"Second,":[171],"edge-IoT":[173],"framework":[174],"designed":[176],"utilize":[178],"edge":[180],"server":[181],"train":[183],"deep":[185],"learning":[186],"supports":[190],"devices.":[196],"Extensive":[197],"field":[198],"experiments":[199],"with":[200,214,238],"over":[201],"33":[202],"600":[203],"points":[205],"conducted":[207],"validate":[209],"effectiveness":[211],"EdgeLoc":[213,225],"large-scale":[216],"fingerprint":[218],"set.":[220],"The":[221],"results":[222],"show":[223],"that":[224],"outperforms":[226],"state-of-the-art":[228],"SAE-CNN":[229],"method":[230],"accuracy":[233],"up":[235],"14.4%,":[237],"average":[240,247],"error":[241],"0.68":[243],"m":[244],"positioning":[248],"2.05":[251],"ms.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}