{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3190007023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3098331","title":"Efficient Orchestration of Virtualization Resource in RAN Based on Chemical Reaction Optimization and <i>Q</i>-Learning","display_name":"Efficient Orchestration of Virtualization Resource in RAN Based on Chemical Reaction Optimization and <i>Q</i>-Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3190007023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3098331","mag":"3190007023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3098331","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3098331","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110971594","display_name":"Sai Zou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sai Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7612-7943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028467074","display_name":"Wenyong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4095-547X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China","International Institute for Next Generation Internet, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4095-547X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute for Next Generation Internet, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021527965","display_name":"Wei Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-594X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data61 Business Unit, CSIRO, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-594X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data61 Business Unit, CSIRO, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100710637","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5065-8447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198357462","display_name":"Changsha University","ror":"https://ror.org/011d8sm39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Engineering and Applied Mathematics, Changsha University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5065-8447","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Engineering and Applied Mathematics, Changsha University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070637003","display_name":"Yuliang Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5923-9011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuliang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5923-9011","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2827,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81239739,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"5","first_page":"3383","last_page":"3396"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.8264420628547668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7732959985733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-ran","display_name":"C-RAN","score":0.5977752804756165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5339070558547974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.519885778427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-network","display_name":"Virtual network","score":0.5182670950889587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.47933778166770935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.46820881962776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.44117921590805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.40665557980537415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2793615460395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.24409475922584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22867485880851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.13761097192764282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08406433463096619}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.8264420628547668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7732959985733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779765720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5005908","display_name":"C-RAN","level":5,"score":0.5977752804756165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5339070558547974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.519885778427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Virtual network","level":2,"score":0.5182670950889587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.47933778166770935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.46820881962776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.44117921590805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.40665557980537415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2793615460395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.24409475922584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22867485880851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.13761097192764282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08406433463096619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3098331","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3098331","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2086688229","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJQN201803110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3107359239","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61873221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3538241678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20SKGH313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4652393474","display_name":"\u79fb\u52a8\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u4e2d\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u94a5\u673a\u5236\u7684\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61672447","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7306114260","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJZD-K201903101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8194764580","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019XJGZ08","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325559","funder_display_name":"Guangxi Normal University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8264520797","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1711000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8555561038","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2033212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G957919209","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801409","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/031nm5713"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325559","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W139482607","https://openalex.org/W1896558367","https://openalex.org/W2016223134","https://openalex.org/W2060240123","https://openalex.org/W2079881116","https://openalex.org/W2100259345","https://openalex.org/W2136554306","https://openalex.org/W2148377166","https://openalex.org/W2155909383","https://openalex.org/W2255030574","https://openalex.org/W2289679171","https://openalex.org/W2374516805","https://openalex.org/W2529094363","https://openalex.org/W2531829851","https://openalex.org/W2606858715","https://openalex.org/W2626021743","https://openalex.org/W2736864532","https://openalex.org/W2743438247","https://openalex.org/W2767403335","https://openalex.org/W2781593575","https://openalex.org/W2781839613","https://openalex.org/W2790027353","https://openalex.org/W2798318343","https://openalex.org/W2891186800","https://openalex.org/W2891458358","https://openalex.org/W2906882938","https://openalex.org/W2909971529","https://openalex.org/W2954826798","https://openalex.org/W2963035503","https://openalex.org/W2969304820","https://openalex.org/W3040229964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2592537445","https://openalex.org/W2117039245","https://openalex.org/W2497039592","https://openalex.org/W3138350675","https://openalex.org/W2436923341","https://openalex.org/W2902173727","https://openalex.org/W4287262510","https://openalex.org/W2064969374","https://openalex.org/W4205856738","https://openalex.org/W2885291556"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Virtualized":[0],"network":[1,7,44,125],"function":[2],"(VNF)":[3],"orchestration":[4,38,95],"dynamically":[5],"deploys":[6],"slices,":[8],"which":[9],"provides":[10],"an":[11],"effective":[12],"means":[13],"of":[14,25,46,48,115,124,153],"customized":[15,30],"service":[16,31,112],"provision.":[17],"To":[18],"achieve":[19],"a":[20,35,64,116,159],"realistic":[21],"and":[22,70,119,138,148],"comprehensive":[23],"perspective":[24],"the":[26,41,80,86,91,111,121,143,150,154],"decision":[27],"process":[28],"for":[29,90],"provision,":[32],"we":[33,58],"propose":[34],"virtualized":[36,117],"resource":[37,94],"strategy":[39,96],"in":[40],"radio":[42],"access":[43,106],"(RAN)":[45],"Internet":[47],"Things":[49],"(IoT)":[50],"based":[51],"on":[52],"chemical":[53],"reaction":[54],"optimization":[55,62],"(CRO).":[56],"Specifically,":[57],"apply":[59],"particle":[60],"swarm":[61],"(PSO),":[63],"Gaussian":[65],"process,":[66],"random":[67],"walk":[68],"model,":[69],"<inline-formula":[71],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[72],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[73],"<tex-math":[74],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$Q$":[75],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[76],"-learning":[77],"to":[78,83],"enhance":[79],"CRO":[81],"algorithm":[82,136],"quickly":[84],"obtain":[85],"approximate":[87,145,151,155],"optimal":[88,146,156],"solution":[89,147,157],"proposed":[92],"CRO-based":[93],"(CROROS).":[97],"The":[98],"simulation":[99],"results":[100],"show":[101],"that":[102],"compared":[103],"with":[104,129],"existing":[105],"methods,":[107],"CROROS":[108,140],"can":[109,141],"reduce":[110],"rejection":[113],"rate":[114,123],"RAN":[118],"improve":[120,149],"utilization":[122],"system":[126],"resources.":[127],"Compared":[128],"other":[130],"heuristic":[131],"algorithms":[132],"[e.g.,":[133],"PSO,":[134],"genetic":[135],"(GA),":[137],"CRO],":[139],"accelerate":[142],"global":[144],"fitness":[152],"within":[158],"specified":[160],"time.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
