{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3180655257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3094990","title":"Hybrid Channel Estimation for UPA-Assisted Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO IoT Systems","display_name":"Hybrid Channel Estimation for UPA-Assisted Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO IoT Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3180655257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3094990","mag":"3180655257"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3094990","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3094990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022949139","display_name":"Xianda Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5677-967X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xianda Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355601","display_name":"Xi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9252-2767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053586699","display_name":"Shaodan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5521-3650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaodan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032684419","display_name":"Binggui Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9328-1283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binggui Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086569442","display_name":"Guanghua Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1598-3033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanghua Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022949139"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I6469544"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1371,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92135523,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"2829","last_page":"2842"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.76752108335495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7231336236000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6032969951629639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5509697794914246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5122107863426208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5009171962738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.48947179317474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoregressive-model","display_name":"Autoregressive model","score":0.47870779037475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.476199746131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.4732661247253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.44304192066192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3365488648414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22486627101898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1572289764881134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15386563539505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09347963333129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09231188893318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08598119020462036}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.76752108335495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7231336236000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6032969951629639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5509697794914246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5122107863426208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5009171962738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.48947179317474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159877910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202883","display_name":"Autoregressive model","level":2,"score":0.47870779037475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.476199746131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.4732661247253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.44304192066192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3365488648414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22486627101898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1572289764881134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15386563539505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09347963333129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09231188893318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08598119020462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3094990","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3094990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5599131897","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018B010114002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335795","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5678559062","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MYRG2018-00156-FST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","funder_display_name":"Universidade de Macau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8198101698","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFE0120600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","display_name":"Universidade de Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335795","display_name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151604921","https://openalex.org/W1601795611","https://openalex.org/W1938636034","https://openalex.org/W2026207094","https://openalex.org/W2033419225","https://openalex.org/W2069966210","https://openalex.org/W2071284784","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2135780853","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2195833401","https://openalex.org/W2291159204","https://openalex.org/W2294344867","https://openalex.org/W2301138634","https://openalex.org/W2336403911","https://openalex.org/W2339667469","https://openalex.org/W2490222774","https://openalex.org/W2504891190","https://openalex.org/W2543034235","https://openalex.org/W2595628249","https://openalex.org/W2620692277","https://openalex.org/W2728365515","https://openalex.org/W2781054684","https://openalex.org/W2888283726","https://openalex.org/W2894772806","https://openalex.org/W2897059627","https://openalex.org/W2897988018","https://openalex.org/W2901253686","https://openalex.org/W2905083742","https://openalex.org/W2909753723","https://openalex.org/W2910407148","https://openalex.org/W2918458310","https://openalex.org/W2931856342","https://openalex.org/W2956851423","https://openalex.org/W2957915633","https://openalex.org/W2962785465","https://openalex.org/W2963129504","https://openalex.org/W2963669302","https://openalex.org/W2963904701","https://openalex.org/W2964003927","https://openalex.org/W2981587265","https://openalex.org/W2982280489","https://openalex.org/W2985957562","https://openalex.org/W2988912985","https://openalex.org/W2994292590","https://openalex.org/W3002135215","https://openalex.org/W3041140499","https://openalex.org/W3047382888","https://openalex.org/W3097937532","https://openalex.org/W3102347335","https://openalex.org/W3110509662","https://openalex.org/W3111797484","https://openalex.org/W3142821183"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3006474185","https://openalex.org/W2483195039","https://openalex.org/W2611761074","https://openalex.org/W2048211457","https://openalex.org/W2281797687","https://openalex.org/W2358411735","https://openalex.org/W2107024632","https://openalex.org/W2358598243","https://openalex.org/W2331534598","https://openalex.org/W2313632216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"we":[3,69,108,146],"present":[4],"a":[5,83,110,148],"hybrid":[6,129,149,205],"channel":[7,87,111,117,126,150,170,182,206],"estimation":[8,66,151,171,183,207,220],"algorithm":[9,208],"for":[10,174,186],"uniform":[11],"planar":[12],"array":[13],"(UPA)-assisted":[14],"millimeter-wave":[15],"(mmWave)":[16],"massive":[17,102],"multiple-input\u2013multiple-output":[18],"(MIMO)":[19],"Internet":[20],"of":[21,100,123,155,214],"Things":[22],"(IoT)":[23],"systems":[24,141],"by":[25,119],"exploiting":[26,120],"the":[27,31,36,45,54,65,72,75,79,94,97,116,121,124,160,168,180,197,203],"benefits":[28],"from":[29],"both":[30,93],"compressed":[32],"sensing":[33],"(CS)":[34],"and":[35,48,57,74,96,200,219],"sparse":[37],"Bayesian":[38],"learning":[39],"(SBL).":[40],"Compared":[41],"with":[42,133,196],"existing":[43,198],"studies,":[44],"distribution":[46,162],"characteristics":[47,163],"correlations":[49],"between":[50],"propagation":[51],"paths":[52],"in":[53,138,164,212],"elevation":[55],"(e)-":[56],"azimuth":[58],"(a)-angle":[59],"domains":[60],"are":[61],"considered":[62],"to":[63,77,91,114],"enhance":[64],"performance.":[67],"Specifically,":[68],"first":[70],"redefine":[71],"e-angles":[73,175],"a-angles":[76,187],"simplify":[78],"system":[80],"model.":[81],"Then,":[82],"novel":[84],"autoregressive":[85],"(AR)-Gaussian":[86],"prior":[88],"is":[89,142,172,184],"proposed":[90,204],"capture":[92],"sparsity":[95,217],"clustering":[98],"properties":[99],"mmWave":[101,139],"MIMO":[103],"IoT":[104,140],"channels.":[105],"After":[106],"that,":[107],"provide":[109],"approximation":[112],"method":[113],"overcome":[115],"uncertainty":[118],"structure":[122],"AR-Gaussian":[125],"prior.":[127],"The":[128],"beamforming":[130],"(HBF)":[131],"architecture":[132],"limited":[134],"radio-frequency":[135],"(RF)":[136],"chains":[137],"also":[143],"considered.":[144],"Finally,":[145],"propose":[147],"algorithm,":[152],"which":[153],"consists":[154],"two":[156],"stages.":[157],"Based":[158],"on":[159,176,188],"different":[161,165],"angle":[166],"domains,":[167],"CS-based":[169],"performed":[173],"stage":[177,189],"one,":[178],"while":[179],"SBL-based":[181],"applied":[185],"two.":[190],"Numerical":[191],"results":[192],"reveal":[193],"that":[194],"compared":[195],"CS-":[199],"SBL-only":[201],"methods,":[202],"exhibits":[209],"better":[210],"performance":[211],"terms":[213],"computational":[215],"complexity,":[216],"robustness,":[218],"accuracy.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}