{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3217366445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3094725","title":"Three-Dimensional Coverage Optimization of Underwater Nodes Under Multiconstraints Combined With Water Flow","display_name":"Three-Dimensional Coverage Optimization of Underwater Nodes Under Multiconstraints Combined With Water Flow","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3217366445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3094725","mag":"3217366445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3094725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3094725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083465678","display_name":"Chengming Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4526-1285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengming Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Internet of Things Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, China","School of Electronic and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Internet of Things Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101580401","display_name":"Yuxin Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0584-7257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Internet of Things Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, China","Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Internet of Things Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048537217","display_name":"Gaifang Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4917-8542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108723","display_name":"Changzhou Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/020mrfq61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108723"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaifang Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changzhou College of Information Technology, Changzhou, China","College of Internet of Things Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changzhou College of Information Technology, Changzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Internet of Things Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100730915","display_name":"Biao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9249-3049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016586483","display_name":"En Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7194-6894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"En Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082826235","display_name":"Houlian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-9747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houlian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083465678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411","https://openalex.org/I4210096899"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3957,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92155095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"2375","last_page":"2389"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.7950150966644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.7172890901565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6855774521827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.4727493226528168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.471492737531662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.34707558155059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3398969769477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22308635711669922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.19373437762260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12871530652046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1280454695224762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.11500921845436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11085566878318787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.7950150966644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7172890901565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6855774521827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.4727493226528168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.471492737531662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.34707558155059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3398969769477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22308635711669922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19373437762260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12871530652046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1280454695224762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.11500921845436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11085566878318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3094725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3094725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2324535773","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001195","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4341486364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52071164","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4380952705","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002141","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5418416141","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20180189","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82699851","https://openalex.org/W1947378686","https://openalex.org/W2133486451","https://openalex.org/W2135829090","https://openalex.org/W2313646538","https://openalex.org/W2376432833","https://openalex.org/W2556690688","https://openalex.org/W2596027621","https://openalex.org/W2622374419","https://openalex.org/W2806152190","https://openalex.org/W2888070266","https://openalex.org/W2888987368","https://openalex.org/W2912666682","https://openalex.org/W2913008959","https://openalex.org/W2914417686","https://openalex.org/W2947350524","https://openalex.org/W2955988016","https://openalex.org/W2963918053","https://openalex.org/W2964950723","https://openalex.org/W2967157055","https://openalex.org/W2983875755","https://openalex.org/W2986199434","https://openalex.org/W2990384746","https://openalex.org/W2997213722","https://openalex.org/W3000827417","https://openalex.org/W3006999835","https://openalex.org/W3017135726","https://openalex.org/W3017958173","https://openalex.org/W3025238701","https://openalex.org/W3048705786","https://openalex.org/W4239646841","https://openalex.org/W4244556494","https://openalex.org/W4249016737","https://openalex.org/W6603466294","https://openalex.org/W6766120411"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591930867","https://openalex.org/W1999583034","https://openalex.org/W2891537746","https://openalex.org/W3168963531","https://openalex.org/W4388412763","https://openalex.org/W2773822314","https://openalex.org/W2953138830","https://openalex.org/W3006513224","https://openalex.org/W3176162126","https://openalex.org/W3217214504"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Underwater":[0],"nodes":[1,57,87,189,209],"are":[2,210],"prone":[3],"to":[4,28,52,190],"drift":[5],"under":[6,90,212],"the":[7,13,31,40,46,54,75,80,91,102,112,117,129,142,158,168,186,196,225,230],"water":[8,77],"flow":[9,78],"action,":[10,79],"which":[11,99,145,183],"makes":[12],"topological":[14],"structure":[15],"of":[16,33,48,84,104,120,132,160,177,206],"underwater":[17,56,86,113,178,188,208],"wireless":[18],"sensor":[19],"networks":[20],"(UWSNs)":[21],"have":[22],"great":[23],"uncertainty.":[24],"It":[25],"is":[26,51,88,126,173],"bound":[27],"bring":[29],"about":[30],"occurrence":[32],"node":[34,114,124,136,153,216],"nonuniform":[35],"distribution":[36],"over":[37],"time.":[38],"Given":[39],"obstacles":[41],"and":[42,96,107,122,138,156,181,218],"boundaries":[43],"constrained":[44],"areas,":[45],"intention":[47],"this":[49],"article":[50],"redeploy":[53],"drifted":[55,85,207],"for":[58],"regaining":[59],"higher":[60],"coverage":[61,70,108,118,203,214,231],"rate.":[62],"Hence,":[63],"we":[64],"propose":[65],"a":[66],"3-D":[67],"virtual":[68,170],"force":[69,171],"algorithm":[71,172],"(3D-VFCA).":[72],"Inspired":[73],"by":[74,111,152,165],"physical":[76],"position":[81],"evolution":[82],"model":[83],"derived":[89],"continuous":[92],"gravity,":[93],"buoyancy,":[94],"propulsion,":[95],"resistance":[97],"forces,":[98],"can":[100,146,184,228],"reveal":[101],"mechanism":[103],"UWSNs":[105],"deformation":[106],"holes":[109],"caused":[110,151,164],"drift.":[115],"Then,":[116],"problem":[119,131,159],"dense":[121],"sparse":[123],"distributions":[125],"transformed":[127],"into":[128],"optimization":[130],"weighted":[133],"distance":[134,199],"between":[135],"positions":[137,193],"clustering":[139,162],"centers":[140,163],"in":[141,175,233],"precoverage":[143],"process,":[144],"reduce":[147],"large":[148],"moving":[149,198],"distances":[150],"blind":[154],"movements":[155],"solve":[157],"inaccurate":[161],"outliers.":[166],"Furthermore,":[167],"improved":[169],"designed":[174],"consideration":[176],"nodes,":[179],"obstacles,":[180],"boundaries,":[182],"drive":[185],"precovered":[187],"more":[191],"optimal":[192],"based":[194],"on":[195],"adaptive":[197],"per":[200],"step.":[201],"Finally,":[202],"performance":[204],"evaluations":[205],"performed":[211],"different":[213],"algorithms,":[215],"numbers,":[217],"obstacles.":[219],"The":[220],"experimental":[221],"results":[222],"indicate":[223],"that":[224],"proposed":[226],"3D-VFCA":[227],"improve":[229],"rates":[232],"UWSNs.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}