{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4234608200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3094530","title":"STL-Detector: Detecting City-Wide Ride-Sharing Cars via Self-Taught Learning","display_name":"STL-Detector: Detecting City-Wide Ride-Sharing Cars via Self-Taught Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4234608200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3094530"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3094530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3094530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027509315","display_name":"Li Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5481-9749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber\u2013Physical Society of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber\u2013Physical Society of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041459842","display_name":"Linjiang Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9180-2425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linjiang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber\u2013Physical Society of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber\u2013Physical Society of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016639849","display_name":"Xia Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0156-3345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber\u2013Physical Society of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber\u2013Physical Society of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011530053","display_name":"Dihua Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6559-1495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dihua Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100881877","display_name":"Weining Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2248-7257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weining Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber\u2013Physical Society of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber\u2013Physical Society of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027509315"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.95431855,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79550316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"2346","last_page":"2360"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7729198932647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.574855387210846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5616996884346008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5135300755500793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5058479309082031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.48314231634140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4771021008491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4760715365409851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.44494229555130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4326527416706085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-sharing","display_name":"Data sharing","score":0.4199317991733551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.4172946810722351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2309446632862091}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7729198932647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.574855387210846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5616996884346008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5135300755500793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5058479309082031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.48314231634140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4771021008491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4760715365409851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.44494229555130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4326527416706085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.4199317991733551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.4172946810722351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2309446632862091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3094530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3094530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4790699992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFC0212103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1967807710","https://openalex.org/W1968701380","https://openalex.org/W1969454839","https://openalex.org/W1973526840","https://openalex.org/W1999205465","https://openalex.org/W2045721916","https://openalex.org/W2048679005","https://openalex.org/W2072641892","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2102664428","https://openalex.org/W2110798204","https://openalex.org/W2122838776","https://openalex.org/W2122922389","https://openalex.org/W2128853419","https://openalex.org/W2132461991","https://openalex.org/W2133556223","https://openalex.org/W2136975357","https://openalex.org/W2146502635","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2343801481","https://openalex.org/W2607479420","https://openalex.org/W2752546456","https://openalex.org/W2754816411","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2899867782","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2914913933","https://openalex.org/W2953609581","https://openalex.org/W2962989616","https://openalex.org/W2978561897","https://openalex.org/W3027449010","https://openalex.org/W3033618994","https://openalex.org/W3082653258","https://openalex.org/W3171229070","https://openalex.org/W6600949241","https://openalex.org/W6681435938"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2983142544","https://openalex.org/W2891059443","https://openalex.org/W4281663961","https://openalex.org/W3208888551","https://openalex.org/W4313561566","https://openalex.org/W3208386644","https://openalex.org/W4220682630","https://openalex.org/W4389832810","https://openalex.org/W3181622257","https://openalex.org/W3163146846"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ride-sharing":[0],"cars":[1,23,98,108,204,232,244],"are":[2],"private":[3,58],"vehicles":[4],"held":[5],"by":[6,10,69,85],"individuals":[7],"or":[8],"provided":[9],"ride-hailing":[11,34],"companies":[12],"for":[13],"designated":[14],"drivers":[15],"to":[16,53,95,189,225,229],"offer":[17],"taxi-like":[18],"services.":[19,35],"Recently,":[20],"various":[21],"ride-sharing":[22,64,97,107,191,203,231,243],"have":[24],"emerged":[25],"around":[26],"the":[27,30,39,54,80,134,168,174,179,239],"city":[28],"with":[29,92,121,149,205,209],"popularity":[31],"of":[32,42,56,79,130,152,215,241],"online":[33],"Identifying":[36],"them":[37],"is":[38,119,182],"critical":[40],"task":[41],"transportation":[43],"management.":[44],"However,":[45],"less":[46],"work":[47],"focuses":[48],"on":[49,184,212,238],"this":[50],"issue":[51],"due":[52],"lack":[55],"city-wide":[57],"vehicles&#x2019;":[59],"trajectory":[60],"data":[61,67,83],"and":[62,162,217,233,245],"labeled":[63,124,187],"cars.":[65],"Fortunately,":[66],"collected":[68,84],"advanced":[70],"sensing":[71],"technology,":[72,89],"such":[73],"as":[74,178],"electronic":[75],"registration":[76],"identification":[77,87],"(ERI)":[78],"motor":[81],"vehicle":[82],"radio-frequency":[86],"(RFID)":[88],"provide":[90],"us":[91],"an":[93,150],"opportunity":[94],"detect":[96,190,202,230],"from":[99],"a":[100,141,157,213,226,235],"data-driven":[101],"aspect.":[102],"This":[103],"article":[104],"proposes":[105],"detecting":[106],"via":[109],"self-taught":[110],"learning":[111],"(STL)":[112],"using":[113],"ERI":[114],"data,":[115,154,188],"named":[116],"STL-detector,":[117],"which":[118,155,181],"accurate":[120],"very":[122,185],"little":[123,186],"information.":[125],"In":[126,133,167],"detail,":[127],"STL-detector":[128,199],"consists":[129],"two":[131],"components.":[132],"<i>unsupervised":[135],"feature":[136],"learning</i>":[137],"component,":[138,171],"we":[139,172,221],"construct":[140],"3-D":[142],"convolutional":[143],"neural":[144],"networks":[145],"(3-D-CNN)":[146],"autoencoder":[147],"trained":[148,183],"amount":[151],"unlabeled":[153],"forms":[156],"succinct":[158],"high-level":[159],"input":[160],"representation":[161],"significantly":[163],"improve":[164],"detection":[165],"performance.":[166],"<i>supervised":[169],"classification</i>":[170],"utilize":[173],"random":[175],"forest":[176],"(RF)":[177],"classifier,":[180],"cars/others.":[192],"The":[193],"experimental":[194],"results":[195],"demonstrate":[196],"that":[197],"our":[198,223],"model":[200,224],"can":[201],"better":[206],"performance":[207],"compared":[208],"other":[210],"baselines":[211],"set":[214],"train":[216],"test":[218],"samples.":[219],"Furthermore,":[220],"apply":[222],"real-world":[227],"scenario":[228],"conduct":[234],"comparative":[236],"analysis":[237],"behavior":[240],"detected":[242],"taxis.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}