{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3183649736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3093073","title":"Fingerprinting Mainstream IoT Platforms Using Traffic Analysis","display_name":"Fingerprinting Mainstream IoT Platforms Using Traffic Analysis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3183649736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3093073","mag":"3183649736"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3093073","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3093073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069655447","display_name":"Xixun He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7965-9243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108629","display_name":"Computer Network Information Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01s0wyf50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xixun He","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7965-9243","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048531636","display_name":"Yiyu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-3934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108629","display_name":"Computer Network Information Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01s0wyf50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-3934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001673339","display_name":"Wei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7834-0839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108629","display_name":"Computer Network Information Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01s0wyf50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7834-0839","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044772153","display_name":"Wenjie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3103-8445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108629","display_name":"Computer Network Information Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01s0wyf50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100346828","display_name":"Peng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5091-8464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100401884","display_name":"Yuqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8306-7195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108629","display_name":"Computer Network Information Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01s0wyf50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Computer Science and Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou, China","School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Cyberspace Security, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Cyberspace Security, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, China","School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8306-7195","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.853,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86001205,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"2083","last_page":"2093"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8237210512161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.6405324339866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5364070534706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5269941687583923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.5269882082939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.509884238243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.5025556087493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.470541775226593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-analysis","display_name":"Traffic analysis","score":0.45552951097488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4552210867404938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.44037479162216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.1914578378200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18243834376335144}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8237210512161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6405324339866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5364070534706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5269941687583923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5269882082939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.509884238243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.5025556087493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.470541775226593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781317605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832483","display_name":"Traffic analysis","level":2,"score":0.45552951097488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4552210867404938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.44037479162216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.1914578378200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18243834376335144}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3093073","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3093073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2011081604","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1836210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G780493802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB0804701","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2508433864","https://openalex.org/W2520218670","https://openalex.org/W2770782119","https://openalex.org/W2890188242","https://openalex.org/W2895909303","https://openalex.org/W2929305171","https://openalex.org/W2933426098","https://openalex.org/W2972481639","https://openalex.org/W2982374693","https://openalex.org/W3015797940","https://openalex.org/W3096391524","https://openalex.org/W4288080331","https://openalex.org/W6677217071","https://openalex.org/W6744196339","https://openalex.org/W6751184934","https://openalex.org/W6753952642","https://openalex.org/W6764964240"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092530219","https://openalex.org/W1981780420","https://openalex.org/W2182707996","https://openalex.org/W2388464034","https://openalex.org/W45233828","https://openalex.org/W2533125852","https://openalex.org/W2964988449","https://openalex.org/W2140460949","https://openalex.org/W2105580438","https://openalex.org/W2397952901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,22,29,56,74,87,129,132,164,179,187],"Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"platforms":[5,59,168],"have":[6,32,79],"been":[7,33,80,104],"widely":[8],"used":[9],"in":[10],"many":[11,70],"application":[12,185],"scenarios,":[13],"especially":[14],"for":[15,47,66,121,153],"the":[16,20,23,54,63,155,158,175,184],"smart":[17,51],"home.":[18],"Under":[19],"management":[21],"IoT":[24,30,58,76,95,122,167,190],"platform,":[25],"a":[26,84,127,148],"massive":[27],"amount":[28],"devices":[31],"connected":[34],"between":[35,157],"remote":[36,162],"cloud":[37],"servers":[38],"and":[39,50,114,138,161,177],"users\u2019":[40],"mobile":[41,159],"terminals.":[42],"While":[43],"bringing":[44],"unprecedented":[45],"convenience":[46],"device":[48],"manufacturers":[49],"home":[52],"users,":[53],"existence":[55],"mainstream":[57,166],"has":[60,102],"also":[61,173],"become":[62],"primary":[64],"target":[65,94],"malicious":[67],"attackers.":[68],"Thus,":[69],"intrusion":[71,88],"detection":[72,89],"mechanisms":[73],"specific":[75],"platform":[77,96,123],"traffic":[78,97,101,133,156],"proposed.":[81],"However,":[82],"as":[83],"prerequisites":[85],"work":[86],"or":[90],"vulnerability":[91],"assessment,":[92],"identifying":[93],"among":[98,169],"real-world":[99],"network":[100,170],"not":[103],"deeply":[105],"studied.":[106],"Given":[107],"this":[108],"situation,":[109],"we":[110,146,182],"first":[111],"time":[112],"proposed":[113],"achieved":[115],"\u201c":[116],"<italic":[117],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[118],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">fingerprinting</i>":[119],"\u201d":[120],"traffic.":[124,171],"We":[125,172],"designed":[126],"set":[128],"standardized":[130],"workflows":[131],"capturing,":[134],"fingerprint":[135,139],"feature":[136],"extraction,":[137],"model":[140],"construction.":[141],"Based":[142],"on":[143,189],"such":[144],"workflow,":[145],"implemented":[147],"software":[149],"tool":[150],"named":[151],"IoTPF":[152],"distinguishing":[154],"terminal":[160],"server":[163],"different":[165],"tested":[174],"usability":[176],"performance":[178],"IoTPF.":[180],"Finally,":[181],"discuss":[183],"scenarios":[186],"fingerprinting":[188],"platforms.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}