{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3162292353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3078782","title":"A Lightweight Deep Learning Algorithm for WiFi-Based Identity Recognition","display_name":"A Lightweight Deep Learning Algorithm for WiFi-Based Identity Recognition","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3162292353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3078782","mag":"3162292353"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3078782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3078782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072419341","display_name":"Yangjie Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1170-4340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yangjie Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005471585","display_name":"Zhiyi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-5213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048068854","display_name":"Chenxi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5520-7744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenxi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066511261","display_name":"Pengsong Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-8282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengsong Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108021189","display_name":"Xianfu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5485-4955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianfu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100679241","display_name":"Jie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4974-6116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072419341"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1222,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87342223,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"24","first_page":"17449","last_page":"17459"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8646520376205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.6037901639938354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.511368453502655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4638540744781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4557887613773346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.434957891702652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40145450830459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3480214476585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.17511719465255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.1173059344291687}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8646520376205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.6037901639938354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.511368453502655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4638540744781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4557887613773346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.434957891702652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40145450830459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3480214476585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.17511719465255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.1173059344291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3078782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3078782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1304218587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21A520043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325625","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1637248431","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61932014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8490082499","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972092","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325625","display_name":"Education Department of Henan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1959608418","https://openalex.org/W2051071129","https://openalex.org/W2076166888","https://openalex.org/W2084910356","https://openalex.org/W2089695767","https://openalex.org/W2095396347","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2322772590","https://openalex.org/W2345276999","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2510977315","https://openalex.org/W2517331439","https://openalex.org/W2532904730","https://openalex.org/W2563082765","https://openalex.org/W2734730826","https://openalex.org/W2763219399","https://openalex.org/W2789834341","https://openalex.org/W2811272561","https://openalex.org/W2896542121","https://openalex.org/W2897132279","https://openalex.org/W2907300063","https://openalex.org/W2922220370","https://openalex.org/W2946644681","https://openalex.org/W2963097630","https://openalex.org/W2963452728","https://openalex.org/W2968932587","https://openalex.org/W2981892815","https://openalex.org/W2989059099","https://openalex.org/W3009976482","https://openalex.org/W3012561096","https://openalex.org/W4233241708","https://openalex.org/W4253510307","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6738957339","https://openalex.org/W6743923790","https://openalex.org/W7062057604"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3147584709","https://openalex.org/W2977677679","https://openalex.org/W1992327129","https://openalex.org/W2502309190","https://openalex.org/W2381986121","https://openalex.org/W2370918718","https://openalex.org/W1976985527","https://openalex.org/W2256933480","https://openalex.org/W3048844891","https://openalex.org/W2027854990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"WiFi-based":[0,35],"identity":[1,76,134],"recognition":[2,135],"is":[3,83,127],"predominant":[4],"because":[5],"of":[6,47,62,75,104,115,131],"its":[7],"noninvasive":[8],"and":[9,19,95],"ubiquitous":[10],"advantages.":[11],"However,":[12],"existing":[13,133],"approaches":[14,136],"show":[15],"slow":[16],"training":[17],"speed":[18],"limited":[20],"applicability.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23],"article,":[24],"we":[25],"propose":[26],"a":[27,79,118],"lightweight":[28,34],"deep":[29],"learning":[30],"model,":[31],"named":[32],"as":[33],"identification":[36],"(LW-WiID),":[37],"to":[38,85,129],"address":[39],"these":[40],"technical":[41],"challenges.":[42],"LW-WiID":[43,111],"reconstructs":[44],"original":[45],"data":[46,121],"channel":[48],"state":[49],"information":[50,90],"into":[51],"frequency":[52],"energy":[53],"graph,":[54],"which":[55],"contains":[56],"not":[57],"only":[58],"the":[59,63,67,73,87,97,102,124,132,138],"temporal":[60],"feature":[61,69],"gait":[64,120],"but":[65],"also":[66],"spatial":[68],"among":[70],"subcarriers,":[71],"ensuring":[72],"accuracy":[74,114],"recognition.":[77],"Furthermore,":[78],"novel":[80],"Balloon":[81,98],"mechanism":[82,99],"designed":[84],"achieve":[86],"lightweight.":[88],"Through":[89],"integration":[91],"crossing":[92],"both":[93],"layers":[94],"channels,":[96],"effectively":[100],"reduces":[101],"number":[103],"model":[105,125],"parameters.":[106],"Experimental":[107],"results":[108],"demonstrate":[109],"that":[110],"achieves":[112],"an":[113],"99.7%":[116],"on":[117],"50-person":[119],"set":[122],"while":[123],"size":[126],"compressed":[128],"5.53%":[130],"with":[137],"same":[139],"accuracy.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}