{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3149132974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3069943","title":"A Novel Spatial\u2013Temporal Specification-Based Monitoring System for Smart Cities","display_name":"A Novel Spatial\u2013Temporal Specification-Based Monitoring System for Smart Cities","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3149132974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3069943","mag":"3149132974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3069943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3069943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007967134","display_name":"Meiyi Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6916-8774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meiyi Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6916-8774","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050836932","display_name":"Ezio Bartocci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8004-6601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ezio Bartocci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Informatics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8004-6601","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Informatics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014105687","display_name":"Eli Lifland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7690-0801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eli Lifland","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7690-0801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603760","display_name":"John A. Stankovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7307-9395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John A. Stankovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7307-9395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103024138","display_name":"Lu Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4651-8441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4651-8441","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3292,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94339754,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"15","first_page":"11793","last_page":"11806"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8273037672042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-city","display_name":"Smart city","score":0.5878849029541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5184390544891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-logic","display_name":"Temporal logic","score":0.51706463098526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.478933185338974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.46116703748703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3883049488067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.32927000522613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.30698660016059875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2944263219833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.1202366054058075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.09586971998214722}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8273037672042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.5878849029541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5184390544891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25016198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781833","display_name":"Temporal logic","level":2,"score":0.51706463098526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.478933185338974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.46116703748703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3883049488067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.32927000522613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.30698660016059875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2944263219833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.1202366054058075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.09586971998214722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3069943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3069943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2627805392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1952096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4032988475","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1942836","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24067677","https://openalex.org/W1489721681","https://openalex.org/W1539708367","https://openalex.org/W1547304883","https://openalex.org/W1705718777","https://openalex.org/W1974775743","https://openalex.org/W2030863252","https://openalex.org/W2052600736","https://openalex.org/W2060408509","https://openalex.org/W2076632469","https://openalex.org/W2101804404","https://openalex.org/W2123970780","https://openalex.org/W2130442140","https://openalex.org/W2134165468","https://openalex.org/W2143462372","https://openalex.org/W2171306738","https://openalex.org/W2461749621","https://openalex.org/W2519834483","https://openalex.org/W2606062705","https://openalex.org/W2610379855","https://openalex.org/W2758427605","https://openalex.org/W2780845006","https://openalex.org/W2795138333","https://openalex.org/W2799178986","https://openalex.org/W2913689428","https://openalex.org/W2917102740","https://openalex.org/W2963017542","https://openalex.org/W2987909323","https://openalex.org/W2989996325","https://openalex.org/W3026534080","https://openalex.org/W3091805220","https://openalex.org/W3092082484","https://openalex.org/W6784260731"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W1939054760","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4247463117","https://openalex.org/W4361251261","https://openalex.org/W4296618677"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,4,66,71,93,134,144,163,263,267],"development":[2],"of":[3,6,9,53,60,97,143,146,193,253,271],"Internet":[5],"Things,":[7],"millions":[8],"sensors":[10,176,229],"are":[11,125],"being":[12],"deployed":[13],"in":[14,102,111,128,141,166,179,203,230],"cities":[15,273],"to":[16,22,113,189,196,214,226],"collect":[17],"real-time":[18],"data.":[19],"This":[20],"leads":[21],"a":[23,39,51,180,239,250],"need":[24],"for":[25,45,116,139,256],"checking":[26],"city":[27,30,57,130,147,221],"states":[28],"against":[29],"requirements":[31,101,202],"at":[32],"runtime.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35,81],"article,":[36],"we":[37,83,183],"develop":[38,84,106,156],"novel":[40,89],"spatial-temporal":[41,246],"specification-based":[42],"monitoring":[43,96,158,187,257],"system":[44],"smart":[46,56,103,204,272],"cities.":[47,104,205],"We":[48,105,132,154,206,259],"first":[49],"describe":[50],"study":[52],"over":[54,168],"1000":[55],"requirements,":[58],"some":[59],"which":[61],"cannot":[62],"be":[63],"specified":[64],"using":[65],"existing":[67],"logic,":[68],"such":[69],"as":[70],"signal":[72],"temporal":[73],"logic":[74],"(STL)":[75],"and":[76,99,120,136,152,198,248,269],"its":[77],"variants.":[78],"To":[79],"tackle":[80],"limitation,":[82],"spatial":[85,90,118,121],"aggregation":[86,91,119],"STL":[87,115],"(SaSTL)-a":[88],"STL-for":[92],"efficient":[94,157],"runtime":[95,199],"safety":[98,268],"performance":[100,148,270],"two":[107],"new":[108],"logical":[109],"operators":[110],"SaSTL":[112,140,164,209,237,264],"augment":[114],"expressing":[117],"counting":[122],"characteristics":[123],"that":[124,160,236,262],"commonly":[126],"found":[127],"real":[129,220],"requirements.":[131,258],"define":[133],"Boolean":[135],"quantitative":[137],"semantics":[138],"support":[142,190],"analysis":[145],"across":[149],"different":[150,194],"periods":[151],"locations.":[153],"also":[155,260],"algorithms":[159],"can":[161],"check":[162],"requirement":[165],"parallel":[167],"multiple":[169,175],"data":[170,223],"streams":[171],"(e.g.,":[172,224],"generated":[173],"by":[174,211],"distributed":[177],"spatially":[178],"city).":[181],"Additionally,":[182],"build":[184],"an":[185],"SaSTL-based":[186],"tool":[188],"decision":[191],"making":[192],"stakeholders":[195],"specify":[197],"monitor":[200,210,265],"their":[201],"evaluate":[207],"our":[208],"applying":[212],"it":[213],"three":[215],"case":[216],"studies":[217],"with":[218,249],"large-scale":[219],"sensing":[222],"up":[225],"10":[227],"000":[228],"one":[231],"study).":[232],"The":[233],"results":[234],"show":[235],"has":[238],"much":[240],"higher":[241],"coverage":[242],"expressiveness":[243],"than":[244],"other":[245],"logics,":[247],"significant":[251],"reduction":[252],"computation":[254],"time":[255],"demonstrate":[261],"improves":[266],"via":[274],"simulated":[275],"experiments.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
