{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3138234917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3068268","title":"A Novel Lightweight Authentication Protocol for Emergency Vehicle Avoidance in VANETs","display_name":"A Novel Lightweight Authentication Protocol for Emergency Vehicle Avoidance in VANETs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3138234917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3068268","mag":"3138234917"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3068268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3068268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100337572","display_name":"Chen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3951-3159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101599318","display_name":"Rui Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-5208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100766011","display_name":"Jian Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0519-9058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyberspace Security Research Center, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Security Research Center, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425107","display_name":"Jianwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2965-3518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028044712","display_name":"Pandi Vijayakumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5451-8946"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pandi Vijayakumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University College of Engineering, Tindivanam, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University College of Engineering, Tindivanam, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409306","display_name":"Neeraj Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-3947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143578492","display_name":"Asia University","ror":"https://ror.org/038a1tp19","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5847235","display_name":"University of Petroleum and Energy Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04q2jes40","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neeraj Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan","School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100337572"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1566,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96110592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"18","first_page":"14248","last_page":"14257"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8265087604522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6619787812232971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication-protocol","display_name":"Authentication protocol","score":0.6026532053947449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.559116542339325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.553911566734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.501777172088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.3871908187866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.38568735122680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3362814784049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.23320049047470093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13108530640602112}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8265087604522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6619787812232971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.6026532053947449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.559116542339325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.553911566734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.501777172088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.3871908187866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38568735122680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3362814784049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.23320049047470093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13108530640602112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3068268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3068268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1927114630","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202008320536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G345814870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61877034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4319777421","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61672290","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7401649273","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61922045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8444640318","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1836115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8498327982","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20181408","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327518","display_name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965064232","https://openalex.org/W1995064428","https://openalex.org/W2006757318","https://openalex.org/W2009765199","https://openalex.org/W2016358833","https://openalex.org/W2021516337","https://openalex.org/W2041417426","https://openalex.org/W2044084929","https://openalex.org/W2055045754","https://openalex.org/W2055661076","https://openalex.org/W2081560760","https://openalex.org/W2099817583","https://openalex.org/W2153098630","https://openalex.org/W2157298821","https://openalex.org/W2187738029","https://openalex.org/W2296332672","https://openalex.org/W2320588269","https://openalex.org/W2558465299","https://openalex.org/W2581560412","https://openalex.org/W2586333888","https://openalex.org/W2597671851","https://openalex.org/W2735601075","https://openalex.org/W2792887462","https://openalex.org/W2808614313","https://openalex.org/W2929545370","https://openalex.org/W2949173196","https://openalex.org/W2965858309","https://openalex.org/W2979599173","https://openalex.org/W2983694339","https://openalex.org/W2997299776","https://openalex.org/W2999722313","https://openalex.org/W3005378045","https://openalex.org/W3009904945","https://openalex.org/W3011066755","https://openalex.org/W3014745174","https://openalex.org/W3017170021","https://openalex.org/W3019922796","https://openalex.org/W3032780047","https://openalex.org/W3039416669","https://openalex.org/W3042188490","https://openalex.org/W3046047516","https://openalex.org/W3084999539","https://openalex.org/W3118828407","https://openalex.org/W3120953217","https://openalex.org/W6674945332","https://openalex.org/W6779868334","https://openalex.org/W6780213804","https://openalex.org/W6781678732","https://openalex.org/W6787965658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027636740","https://openalex.org/W2062688728","https://openalex.org/W2061231656","https://openalex.org/W2771454953","https://openalex.org/W3046762796","https://openalex.org/W3202102306","https://openalex.org/W3046260513","https://openalex.org/W2998294818","https://openalex.org/W45347327","https://openalex.org/W2020269557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,113,152],"delay":[1],"of":[2,13,22,40,101],"vehicle":[3,42],"emergency":[4,41,132,140],"has":[5,15],"led":[6],"to":[7,58,97,107,119,125,128,146],"many":[8],"serious":[9],"consequences.":[10],"A":[11],"series":[12],"studies":[14],"been":[16],"carried":[17],"out":[18],"in":[19,25,61,122,136],"the":[20,38,68,73,81,86,99,102],"field":[21],"information":[23,118],"security":[24,153],"vehicular":[26],"<italic":[27],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[28],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">ad":[29],"hoc</i>":[30],"networks":[31],"(VANETs).":[32],"However,":[33],"open":[34],"issues":[35],"such":[36,168],"as":[37,169],"authentication":[39,56,71,84],"(EV)":[43],"avoidance":[44,117],"are":[45],"remaining":[46],"unsolved.":[47],"In":[48,63],"this":[49],"article,":[50],"we":[51],"propose":[52],"a":[53,130],"novel":[54],"lightweight":[55],"protocol":[57,161],"avoid":[59,108],"EVs":[60,135],"VANETs.":[62],"our":[64,160],"protocol,":[65],"after":[66],"completing":[67],"first":[69],"mutual":[70,82],"with":[72,85],"nearest":[74],"roadside":[75],"unit":[76],"(RSU),":[77],"EV":[78,94],"can":[79],"complete":[80],"identity":[83,104],"subsequent":[87],"RSUs":[88,114],"without":[89],"repeating":[90],"cumbersome":[91],"calculations.":[92],"Additionally,":[93],"is":[95,162],"required":[96],"verify":[98],"legitimacy":[100],"driver\u2019s":[103],"when":[105],"starting":[106],"some":[109],"illegal":[110],"driving":[111],"behavior.":[112],"will":[115],"broadcast":[116],"ordinary":[120],"vehicles":[121],"their":[123],"jurisdiction":[124],"remind":[126],"them":[127],"clear":[129],"temporary":[131,139],"lane":[133],"for":[134],"advance.":[137],"With":[138],"lanes,":[141],"emergent":[142],"mission":[143],"delays":[144],"due":[145],"traffic":[147],"congestion":[148],"could":[149],"be":[150],"reduced.":[151],"analysis":[154,157],"and":[155,164],"efficient":[156,165],"prove":[158],"that":[159],"practical":[163],"against":[166],"attacks,":[167,171,174,176],"impersonation":[170],"device":[172],"theft":[173],"reputation":[175],"etc.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}