{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133186223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3059022","title":"Civil Aircrafts Augmented Space\u2013Air\u2013Ground-Integrated Vehicular Networks: Motivation, Breakthrough, and Challenges","display_name":"Civil Aircrafts Augmented Space\u2013Air\u2013Ground-Integrated Vehicular Networks: Motivation, Breakthrough, and Challenges","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133186223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3059022","mag":"3133186223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3059022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3059022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100428479","display_name":"Qian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6332-6222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101940082","display_name":"Weixiao Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8938-2866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weixiao Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041632092","display_name":"Shuxun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5863-452X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuxun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354297","display_name":"Cheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-2414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084739355","display_name":"Hsiao\u2010Hwa Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-0729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiao-Hwa Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100428479"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.8114,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99046069,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"8","first_page":"5670","last_page":"5683"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6650018692016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4799419045448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-model","display_name":"Atmospheric model","score":0.42912936210632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.4150928854942322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.33457842469215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.32384854555130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17535141110420227}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6650018692016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4799419045448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118365302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric model","level":2,"score":0.42912936210632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.4150928854942322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.33457842469215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.32384854555130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17535141110420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3059022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3059022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4909711692","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZD2017013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G499001914","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871155","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":110,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W273788156","https://openalex.org/W1564171935","https://openalex.org/W1970563556","https://openalex.org/W1979637546","https://openalex.org/W1980156780","https://openalex.org/W1988456768","https://openalex.org/W2002765055","https://openalex.org/W2014084212","https://openalex.org/W2026758977","https://openalex.org/W2029496260","https://openalex.org/W2031834036","https://openalex.org/W2043799371","https://openalex.org/W2054876181","https://openalex.org/W2057788423","https://openalex.org/W2080403625","https://openalex.org/W2083839608","https://openalex.org/W2106977330","https://openalex.org/W2114284823","https://openalex.org/W2123101885","https://openalex.org/W2124542511","https://openalex.org/W2149702807","https://openalex.org/W2151854870","https://openalex.org/W2289204537","https://openalex.org/W2294784467","https://openalex.org/W2327622231","https://openalex.org/W2340982237","https://openalex.org/W2399586126","https://openalex.org/W2412503523","https://openalex.org/W2472493131","https://openalex.org/W2472522135","https://openalex.org/W2509113034","https://openalex.org/W2516216435","https://openalex.org/W2523219060","https://openalex.org/W2523629803","https://openalex.org/W2558431499","https://openalex.org/W2560305497","https://openalex.org/W2563457412","https://openalex.org/W2588918308","https://openalex.org/W2598883961","https://openalex.org/W2604436698","https://openalex.org/W2612074600","https://openalex.org/W2612850840","https://openalex.org/W2613908548","https://openalex.org/W2614911779","https://openalex.org/W2617931713","https://openalex.org/W2625792431","https://openalex.org/W2653592338","https://openalex.org/W2735493744","https://openalex.org/W2743363440","https://openalex.org/W2765289826","https://openalex.org/W2767151733","https://openalex.org/W2767359317","https://openalex.org/W2769154919","https://openalex.org/W2779498868","https://openalex.org/W2784086603","https://openalex.org/W2784291237","https://openalex.org/W2786309777","https://openalex.org/W2792724583","https://openalex.org/W2793491406","https://openalex.org/W2795841196","https://openalex.org/W2799986488","https://openalex.org/W2805161269","https://openalex.org/W2808542725","https://openalex.org/W2824450927","https://openalex.org/W2884088167","https://openalex.org/W2885374822","https://openalex.org/W2885423658","https://openalex.org/W2886180905","https://openalex.org/W2886485362","https://openalex.org/W2886506682","https://openalex.org/W2887244898","https://openalex.org/W2889330071","https://openalex.org/W2889722097","https://openalex.org/W2893069864","https://openalex.org/W2893187388","https://openalex.org/W2893876389","https://openalex.org/W2896267969","https://openalex.org/W2897806836","https://openalex.org/W2901608252","https://openalex.org/W2902418949","https://openalex.org/W2907417129","https://openalex.org/W2908595329","https://openalex.org/W2909213920","https://openalex.org/W2911323097","https://openalex.org/W2913743346","https://openalex.org/W2918542774","https://openalex.org/W2918627738","https://openalex.org/W2920312006","https://openalex.org/W2936200124","https://openalex.org/W2942054295","https://openalex.org/W2944217598","https://openalex.org/W2944899018","https://openalex.org/W2962715161","https://openalex.org/W2962804513","https://openalex.org/W2962847915","https://openalex.org/W2963061782","https://openalex.org/W2963071638","https://openalex.org/W2963103668","https://openalex.org/W2963607750","https://openalex.org/W2963954058","https://openalex.org/W2964018918","https://openalex.org/W2969284583","https://openalex.org/W2972881692","https://openalex.org/W3005214989","https://openalex.org/W3037713526","https://openalex.org/W3048981883","https://openalex.org/W3083761276","https://openalex.org/W3100743506","https://openalex.org/W4237953714","https://openalex.org/W4255437474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2152805146","https://openalex.org/W2077812314","https://openalex.org/W3081190093","https://openalex.org/W2326483923","https://openalex.org/W593591422","https://openalex.org/W1985678447","https://openalex.org/W1568411643","https://openalex.org/W3034012767","https://openalex.org/W2950750861","https://openalex.org/W3032034519"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"to":[2,85,143],"meet":[3],"mobile":[4],"users\u2019":[5],"unprecedented":[6],"communication":[7,59],"demands":[8],"and":[9,41,64,70,90,125,147,176],"the":[10,44,87,170,173],"goal":[11],"of":[12,22,156,164,172],"global":[13],"seamless":[14],"communication,":[15],"space\u2013air\u2013ground-integrated":[16,98],"networks":[17],"(SAGINs)":[18],"have":[19,73],"attracted":[20],"lots":[21],"attention":[23],"in":[24,108,167],"recent":[25],"years.":[26],"The":[27,102],"existing":[28],"works":[29,158],"related":[30],"on":[31,159],"air":[32],"segment":[33],"mainly":[34],"discussed":[35],"unmanned":[36],"aerial":[37],"vehicles":[38],"(UAVs),":[39],"airships,":[40],"balloons":[42],"near":[43],"space.":[45],"However,":[46],"they":[47],"neglected":[48],"many":[49,135],"other":[50],"valuable":[51],"resources,":[52],"such":[53],"as":[54,68,183],"civil":[55],"aircrafts":[56],"(CAs).":[57],"Moreover,":[58],"problems":[60],"for":[61],"remote":[62],"areas":[63],"emergency":[65],"scenarios":[66],"(such":[67],"disasters":[69],"hot-spot":[71],"areas)":[72],"not":[74],"been":[75],"solved":[76],"thoroughly.":[77],"Motivated":[78],"by":[79],"these":[80],"facts,":[81],"we":[82,151],"introduce":[83],"CAs":[84],"enhance":[86],"current":[88],"SAGIN":[89],"present":[91],"a":[92,113],"novel":[93],"architecture":[94,105],"called":[95],"\u201cCAs":[96],"augmented":[97],"vehicular":[99],"networks\u201d":[100],"(CAA-SAGIVNs).":[101],"proposed":[103],"network":[104,115],"makes":[106],"breakthrough":[107],"three":[109],"main":[110],"aspects:":[111],"1)":[112],"normal":[114],"architecture;":[116],"2)":[117],"collaboration":[118],"with":[119],"multiple":[120],"sky":[121],"access":[122],"platforms":[123],"(SAPs);":[124],"3)":[126],"service-oriented":[127,165],"fair":[128],"allocation.":[129],"Although":[130],"CAA-SAGIVN":[131],"can":[132],"bring":[133],"out":[134],"benefits,":[136],"it":[137],"also":[138],"faces":[139],"more":[140],"challenges":[141],"due":[142],"its":[144],"high":[145],"mobility":[146,161],"cross-layer":[148],"characteristics.":[149],"Therefore,":[150],"provide":[152],"an":[153],"exhaustive":[154],"review":[155],"state-of-the-art":[157],"modeling,":[160],"management,":[162],"solutions":[163],"allocation":[166],"SAGIN.":[168],"On":[169],"basis":[171],"preliminary":[174],"investigation":[175],"discussion,":[177],"some":[178],"open":[179],"issues":[180],"are":[181],"identified":[182],"possible":[184],"future":[185],"research":[186],"directions.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}