{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131804642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3058946","title":"Fortified-Chain: A Blockchain-Based Framework for Security and Privacy-Assured Internet of Medical Things With Effective Access Control","display_name":"Fortified-Chain: A Blockchain-Based Framework for Security and Privacy-Assured Internet of Medical Things With Effective Access Control","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131804642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3058946","mag":"3131804642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3058946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3058946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082255433","display_name":"Bhaskara S. Egala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9706-0282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131147","display_name":"SRM University","ror":"https://ror.org/037skf023","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhaskara S. Egala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Amaravati, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9706-0282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Amaravati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063174165","display_name":"Ashok Kumar Pradhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2201-9402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131147","display_name":"SRM University","ror":"https://ror.org/037skf023","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashok K. Pradhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Amaravati, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2201-9402","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Amaravati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050432585","display_name":"Venkataramana Badarla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7927-8587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtkxh20","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venkataramana Badarla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology at Tirupati, Tirupati, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology at Tirupati, Tirupati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070359867","display_name":"Saraju P. Mohanty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-6541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saraju P. Mohanty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-6541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":61.8118,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":307,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99951815,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"14","first_page":"11717","last_page":"11731"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.911899983882904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7900391817092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.7589138746261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6578555107116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.5851749777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5656260848045349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.5496287941932678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-point-of-failure","display_name":"Single point of failure","score":0.5088632106781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4940655529499054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.42059773206710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4196823239326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.17057880759239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0956314206123352}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7900391817092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.7589138746261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6578555107116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.5851749777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5656260848045349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.5496287941932678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165136773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363179","display_name":"Single point of failure","level":2,"score":0.5088632106781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4940655529499054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.42059773206710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4196823239326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.17057880759239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0956314206123352}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3058946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3058946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3162210119","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TAR/2019/000286","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","funder_display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03ffdsr55"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154290215","https://openalex.org/W2156955390","https://openalex.org/W2198252115","https://openalex.org/W2233086032","https://openalex.org/W2248097001","https://openalex.org/W2345110324","https://openalex.org/W2522448907","https://openalex.org/W2525221147","https://openalex.org/W2571654287","https://openalex.org/W2604122668","https://openalex.org/W2736904962","https://openalex.org/W2766896817","https://openalex.org/W2774782808","https://openalex.org/W2783232377","https://openalex.org/W2786151040","https://openalex.org/W2791935104","https://openalex.org/W2793346081","https://openalex.org/W2795190675","https://openalex.org/W2805182940","https://openalex.org/W2805930283","https://openalex.org/W2810011639","https://openalex.org/W2890650288","https://openalex.org/W2893712939","https://openalex.org/W2898930836","https://openalex.org/W2907363683","https://openalex.org/W2915539402","https://openalex.org/W2932303014","https://openalex.org/W2944084807","https://openalex.org/W2946008609","https://openalex.org/W2955419213","https://openalex.org/W2963504866","https://openalex.org/W2963983602","https://openalex.org/W2969468102","https://openalex.org/W2969579839","https://openalex.org/W2982184551","https://openalex.org/W2996599411","https://openalex.org/W3000230616","https://openalex.org/W3007713146","https://openalex.org/W3012143974","https://openalex.org/W3035050356","https://openalex.org/W3036843580","https://openalex.org/W3038531459","https://openalex.org/W3042370349","https://openalex.org/W6761490167","https://openalex.org/W6769252769"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3195581271","https://openalex.org/W4386215303"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"developments":[2],"in":[3,228],"the":[4,11,22,34,51,101,112,117,163,171,180,205,229],"Internet":[5],"of":[6,37,141,176,203,207,231],"Medical":[7],"Things":[8],"(IoMT)":[9],"help":[10],"smart":[12,210],"healthcare":[13,55,77,128,211],"systems":[14,56],"to":[15,43,123,161,235],"deliver":[16],"more":[17],"sophisticated":[18],"real-time":[19],"services.":[20],"At":[21],"same":[23],"time,":[24],"IoMT":[25,54,76,127,209],"also":[26],"raises":[27],"many":[28],"privacy":[29,199],"and":[30,66,94,104,138,156,173,198,223,246],"security":[31,47,103,166,197],"issues.":[32],"Also,":[33,185],"heterogeneous":[35],"nature":[36],"these":[38],"devices":[39],"makes":[40],"it":[41],"challenging":[42],"develop":[44],"a":[45,74,85,91,188,225],"common":[46],"standard":[48],"solution.":[49],"Furthermore,":[50],"existing":[52],"cloud-centric":[53,126],"depend":[57],"on":[58,179],"cloud":[59],"computing":[60,114],"for":[61,73],"electrical":[62],"health":[63],"records":[64,158],"(EHR)":[65],"medical":[67],"services,":[68],"which":[69,192],"is":[70,150],"not":[71],"suggestible":[72],"decentralized":[75,92,144,208,241],"systems.":[78,212],"In":[79,106],"this":[80,107],"article,":[81],"we":[82,109,186],"have":[83,110,169],"proposed":[84,164,181],"blockchain-based":[86,118,125],"novel":[87],"architecture":[88],"that":[89,194,216],"provides":[90],"EHR":[93],"smart-contract-based":[95],"service":[96],"automation":[97],"without":[98],"compromising":[99],"with":[100,116,153],"system":[102,122,129,182,190],"privacy.":[105,247],"architecture,":[108],"introduced":[111,151],"hybrid":[113],"paradigm":[115],"distributed":[119],"data":[120,177],"storage":[121,136,222],"overcome":[124],"drawbacks,":[130],"such":[131],"as":[132,233],"high":[133,135],"latency,":[134],"cost,":[137],"single":[139],"point":[140],"failure.":[142],"A":[143],"selective":[145],"ring-based":[146],"access":[147,243],"control":[148],"mechanism":[149],"along":[152],"device":[154],"authentication":[155],"patient":[157],"anonymity":[159],"algorithms":[160],"improve":[162],"system's":[165],"capabilities.":[167],"We":[168],"evaluated":[170],"latency":[172],"cost":[174],"effectiveness":[175],"sharing":[178],"using":[183],"Blockchain.":[184],"conducted":[187],"logical":[189],"analysis,":[191],"reveals":[193],"our":[195,217],"architecture-based":[196],"mechanisms":[200],"are":[201],"capable":[202],"fulfilling":[204],"requirements":[206],"Experimental":[213],"analysis":[214],"proves":[215],"fortified-chain-based":[218],"H-CPS":[219,238],"needs":[220],"insignificant":[221],"has":[224],"response":[226],"time":[227],"order":[230],"milliseconds":[232],"compared":[234],"traditional":[236],"centralized":[237],"while":[239],"providing":[240],"automated":[242],"control,":[244],"security,":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T08:27:34.040176","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
