{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3128146732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3058250","title":"Cost-Aware Dynamic SFC Mapping and Scheduling in SDN/NFV-Enabled Space\u2013Air\u2013Ground-Integrated Networks for Internet of Vehicles","display_name":"Cost-Aware Dynamic SFC Mapping and Scheduling in SDN/NFV-Enabled Space\u2013Air\u2013Ground-Integrated Networks for Internet of Vehicles","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3128146732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3058250","mag":"3128146732"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3058250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3058250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101870134","display_name":"Junling Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7104-7100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junling Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066710499","display_name":"Weisen Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0627-7567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weisen Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008740845","display_name":"Huaqing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3497-6437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaqing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325412","display_name":"Shan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0978-3414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773343","display_name":"Xuemin Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-287X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuemin Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101870134"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.2477,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":137,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99410367,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"8","first_page":"5824","last_page":"5838"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8629164695739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provisioning","display_name":"Provisioning","score":0.6609209775924683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.6354312300682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-network","display_name":"Virtual network","score":0.6155291795730591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5439320802688599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5411616563796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.528785765171051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tabu-search","display_name":"Tabu search","score":0.504562258720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-networking","display_name":"Software-defined networking","score":0.4671105146408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.4406140446662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.25263136625289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16552749276161194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.14995333552360535}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8629164695739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.6609209775924683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.6354312300682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Virtual network","level":2,"score":0.6155291795730591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5439320802688599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5411616563796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.528785765171051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123370116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424540","display_name":"Tabu search","level":2,"score":0.504562258720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77270119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655198","display_name":"Software-defined networking","level":2,"score":0.4671105146408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.4406140446662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.25263136625289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16552749276161194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.14995333552360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3058250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3058250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G234704183","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L192028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6615418070","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1823841943","https://openalex.org/W2044684891","https://openalex.org/W2289493610","https://openalex.org/W2430218455","https://openalex.org/W2500898769","https://openalex.org/W2539436818","https://openalex.org/W2567427683","https://openalex.org/W2591732478","https://openalex.org/W2605270919","https://openalex.org/W2623646697","https://openalex.org/W2741897315","https://openalex.org/W2753182424","https://openalex.org/W2754446552","https://openalex.org/W2766857871","https://openalex.org/W2784205035","https://openalex.org/W2791363235","https://openalex.org/W2792251914","https://openalex.org/W2800182763","https://openalex.org/W2802687568","https://openalex.org/W2805161269","https://openalex.org/W2886485362","https://openalex.org/W2887244898","https://openalex.org/W2906810050","https://openalex.org/W2919170647","https://openalex.org/W2921838790","https://openalex.org/W2942278707","https://openalex.org/W2962682893","https://openalex.org/W2989596860","https://openalex.org/W2999576067","https://openalex.org/W3009832548","https://openalex.org/W3009915588","https://openalex.org/W3015609468","https://openalex.org/W3015755308","https://openalex.org/W3017748691","https://openalex.org/W3040668711","https://openalex.org/W3082622020","https://openalex.org/W4233354264"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160425906","https://openalex.org/W2147426428","https://openalex.org/W2146588593","https://openalex.org/W1882733036","https://openalex.org/W1971678403","https://openalex.org/W2799273447","https://openalex.org/W2546696010","https://openalex.org/W1992741870","https://openalex.org/W4251136256","https://openalex.org/W2891925184"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Space\u2013air\u2013ground-integrated":[0],"networks":[1],"(SAGINs)":[2],"are":[3,34,86],"deemed":[4],"as":[5,133],"a":[6,134],"promising":[7,38],"solution":[8,183],"to":[9,40,88,168,172,187,201],"support":[10],"multifarious":[11],"Internet":[12],"of":[13,74,101],"Vehicles":[14],"(IoV)":[15],"services":[16],"with":[17,140,199],"diversified":[18],"Quality-of-Service":[19],"(QoS)":[20],"requirements":[21],"in":[22,52,69],"future":[23],"communication":[24],"networks.":[25],"Network":[26],"function":[27,43,64],"virtualization":[28],"(NFV)":[29],"and":[30,37,46,67,83,94,104,113,121,130,143,157,161,190,213],"software-defined":[31],"networking":[32],"(SDN)":[33],"two":[35,148],"complementary":[36],"technologies":[39],"reduce":[41],"the":[42,48,59,72,90,99,110,126,173,181,188,192,206],"provisioning":[44],"cost":[45,112,142],"coordinate":[47],"heterogeneous":[49],"physical":[50],"resources":[51],"SAGIN.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"article,":[56],"we":[57,107],"investigate":[58],"online":[60],"dynamic":[61,127,194],"virtual":[62],"network":[63],"(VNF)":[65],"mapping":[66,129],"scheduling":[68,131],"SAGIN,":[70],"considering":[71],"dynamicity":[73],"IoV":[75],"services.":[76],"The":[77],"VNF":[78,81,84,118,128,155,164],"live":[79,119],"migration,":[80],"reinstantiation,":[82],"rescheduling":[85,158,165],"enabled":[87],"increase":[89],"service":[91,95,207,210],"acceptance":[92,211],"ratio":[93],"provider\u2019s":[96,208],"profits.":[97],"Considering":[98],"heterogeneity":[100],"space,":[102],"air,":[103],"ground":[105],"nodes,":[106],"first":[108],"model":[109],"migration":[111,120],"additional":[114],"delay":[115,144],"incurred":[116],"by":[117],"reinstantiation.":[122],"We":[123,146],"then":[124],"formulate":[125],"jointly":[132],"mixed-integer":[135],"linear":[136],"programming":[137],"(MILP)":[138],"problem":[139,175],"specified":[141],"models.":[145],"propose":[147],"Tabu":[149],"search":[150],"(TS)-based":[151],"algorithms,":[152],"i.e.,":[153],"TS-based":[154,162],"remapping":[156],"(TS-MAPSCH)":[159],"algorithm":[160],"pure":[163],"(TS-PSCH)":[166],"algorithm,":[167],"obtain":[169],"suboptimal":[170],"solutions":[171],"MILP":[174],"efficiently.":[176],"Simulation":[177],"results":[178],"show":[179],"that":[180,191],"proposed":[182,193],"is":[184],"very":[185],"close":[186],"optimum":[189],"algorithms":[195],"outperform":[196],"existing":[197],"works":[198],"respect":[200],"multiple":[202],"performance":[203],"metrics,":[204],"including":[205],"profit,":[209],"ratio,":[212],"QoS":[214],"satisfaction":[215],"level.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}