{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3128159658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3058215","title":"Toward Practical Weakly Hard Real-Time Systems: A Job-Class-Level Scheduling Approach","display_name":"Toward Practical Weakly Hard Real-Time Systems: A Job-Class-Level Scheduling Approach","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3128159658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3058215","mag":"3128159658"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3058215","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3058215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077920631","display_name":"Hyunjong Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8253-7028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hyunjong Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081504885","display_name":"Hyoseung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8553-732X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyoseung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020896290","display_name":"Qi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7700-4099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077920631"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5331,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89160618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"8","first_page":"6692","last_page":"6708"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7749039530754089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processor-scheduling","display_name":"Processor scheduling","score":0.51529860496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5119606256484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4706914722919464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4202050268650055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.23923912644386292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.14361470937728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11784636974334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.11726289987564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09078896045684814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7749039530754089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984822820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123036","display_name":"Processor scheduling","level":3,"score":0.51529860496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5119606256484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4706914722919464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4202050268650055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.23923912644386292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.14361470937728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11784636974334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.11726289987564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09078896045684814}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3058215","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3058215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7908841254","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-19-1-2496","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485093219","https://openalex.org/W1488202922","https://openalex.org/W1488532938","https://openalex.org/W1573956714","https://openalex.org/W1601389392","https://openalex.org/W1807119923","https://openalex.org/W1977415213","https://openalex.org/W1982561217","https://openalex.org/W2012173880","https://openalex.org/W2033207264","https://openalex.org/W2036645810","https://openalex.org/W2054998117","https://openalex.org/W2064316219","https://openalex.org/W2080059420","https://openalex.org/W2086061827","https://openalex.org/W2096535721","https://openalex.org/W2096817883","https://openalex.org/W2101810816","https://openalex.org/W2109488193","https://openalex.org/W2119345872","https://openalex.org/W2133620399","https://openalex.org/W2134202349","https://openalex.org/W2135472057","https://openalex.org/W2136343147","https://openalex.org/W2137597833","https://openalex.org/W2140710806","https://openalex.org/W2141440050","https://openalex.org/W2151577629","https://openalex.org/W2165918565","https://openalex.org/W2172633189","https://openalex.org/W2263507549","https://openalex.org/W2292163614","https://openalex.org/W2491793580","https://openalex.org/W2575056493","https://openalex.org/W2612077275","https://openalex.org/W2612908556","https://openalex.org/W2733473944","https://openalex.org/W2752038554","https://openalex.org/W2760380815","https://openalex.org/W2810518936","https://openalex.org/W2811315625","https://openalex.org/W2885670279","https://openalex.org/W2918503073","https://openalex.org/W2920260539","https://openalex.org/W2937876711","https://openalex.org/W2952788886","https://openalex.org/W3006063542","https://openalex.org/W3046601586","https://openalex.org/W3049560336","https://openalex.org/W3147011106","https://openalex.org/W4253092038","https://openalex.org/W6629205730","https://openalex.org/W6635955284","https://openalex.org/W6679986215","https://openalex.org/W6741414335","https://openalex.org/W6752932809","https://openalex.org/W6781603761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2128410848","https://openalex.org/W2102390841","https://openalex.org/W2118368532","https://openalex.org/W2126232624","https://openalex.org/W2434525066","https://openalex.org/W3140149227","https://openalex.org/W2130555437"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"applications":[1],"of":[2,5,13,31,36,76,107,109,140,148,175,188,223,244,257],"the":[3,11,51,62,66,74,104,116,138,156,172,189,221,228,239,262],"Internet":[4],"Things":[6],"and":[7,16,73,90,193,247],"cyber-physical":[8],"systems":[9,40],"require":[10],"integration":[12],"many":[14],"sensing":[15],"control":[17],"tasks":[18,24,226],"into":[19,162],"resource-constrained":[20],"embedded":[21],"devices.":[22],"Such":[23],"can":[25,41,182,200],"often":[26],"tolerate":[27],"a":[28,84,110,132,145,176,204,211,255,258],"bounded":[29,146],"number":[30,139,147],"timing":[32,68],"violations.":[33],"The":[34],"concept":[35],"weakly":[37,96,158,224],"hard":[38,97,159,225],"real-time":[39,98],"effectively":[42],"improve":[43],"resource":[44],"efficiency":[45],"without":[46],"sacrificing":[47],"system":[48],"safety.":[49],"However,":[50],"existing":[52,190],"studies":[53],"have":[54,252],"limitations":[55],"on":[56,65,121,266],"their":[57],"practical":[58],"use":[59],"due":[60],"to":[61,114,168],"restrictions":[63],"imposed":[64,120],"task":[67,111,213,245],"behavior,":[69],"high":[70],"analysis":[71,93,192,248],"complexity,":[72],"lack":[75],"multicore":[77,217],"support.":[78],"In":[79],"this":[80,125],"article,":[81],"we":[82],"propose":[83],"new":[85],"job-class-level":[86,259],"fixed-priority":[87],"preemptive":[88],"scheduler":[89,102,237,260],"its":[91],"schedulability":[92,160,222,246],"framework":[94],"for":[95,216],"tasks.":[99,123],"Our":[100],"proposed":[101,229],"employs":[103],"meet-oriented":[105],"classification":[106],"jobs":[108],"in":[112,242,261],"order":[113],"reduce":[115],"worst-case":[117],"temporal":[118],"interference":[119],"other":[122],"Under":[124],"approach,":[126],"each":[127,179],"job":[128,177],"is":[129,135],"associated":[130],"with":[131,178,269],"\u201cjob-class\u201d":[133],"that":[134,165,235],"determined":[136],"by":[137,185],"deadlines":[141],"previously":[142],"met":[143],"(with":[144],"consecutively":[149],"missed":[150],"deadlines).":[151],"This":[152],"approach":[153],"allows":[154],"decomposing":[155],"complex":[157],"problem":[161],"two":[163],"subproblems":[164],"are":[166],"easier":[167],"solve:":[169],"1)":[170],"analyzing":[171],"response":[173],"time":[174,249],"job-class,":[180],"which":[181,199,219],"be":[183,201],"done":[184],"an":[186],"extension":[187],"task-level":[191],"2)":[194],"finding":[195],"possible":[196],"job-class":[197],"patterns,":[198],"modeled":[202],"as":[203],"simple":[205],"reachability":[206],"tree.":[207],"We":[208,251],"also":[209,253],"present":[210],"semipartitioned":[212],"allocation":[214],"method":[215],"platforms,":[218],"enhances":[220],"under":[227],"scheduling":[230],"framework.":[231],"Experimental":[232],"results":[233],"indicate":[234],"our":[236],"outperforms":[238],"prior":[240],"work":[241],"terms":[243],"complexity.":[250],"implemented":[254],"prototype":[256],"Linux":[263],"kernel":[264],"running":[265],"Raspberry":[267],"Pi":[268],"acceptably":[270],"small-runtime":[271],"overhead.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
