{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3128141153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3056656","title":"Blockchain Storage and Computation Offloading for Cooperative Mobile-Edge Computing","display_name":"Blockchain Storage and Computation Offloading for Cooperative Mobile-Edge Computing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3128141153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3056656","mag":"3128141153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3056656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3056656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075550185","display_name":"Yiping Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4642-5824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiping Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013079905","display_name":"Shi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413418","display_name":"Shengli Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7937-5870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengli Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100456327","display_name":"Yan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8561-5092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075550185"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.7735,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9866144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"11","first_page":"9084","last_page":"9098"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.846287727355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.6920742392539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backward-induction","display_name":"Backward induction","score":0.5876752734184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.5703628659248352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.5609259009361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.5499961376190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4797412157058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.43839773535728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4296107292175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.42844358086586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4203764796257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.36473891139030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.35927480459213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.3323529362678528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.22047796845436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1266113817691803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08458817005157471}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.846287727355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.6920742392539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160343169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q968642","display_name":"Backward induction","level":3,"score":0.5876752734184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.5703628659248352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.5609259009361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5499961376190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4797412157058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.43839773535728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4296107292175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.42844358086586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4203764796257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.36473891139030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.35927480459213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.3323529362678528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.22047796845436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1266113817691803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08458817005157471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3056656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3056656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2367108652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019B1515130003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5033343354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61921004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W656369140","https://openalex.org/W2090761559","https://openalex.org/W2144331188","https://openalex.org/W2155174176","https://openalex.org/W2493390539","https://openalex.org/W2599478941","https://openalex.org/W2794417375","https://openalex.org/W2888442703","https://openalex.org/W2891855426","https://openalex.org/W2904994737","https://openalex.org/W2905294860","https://openalex.org/W2914899603","https://openalex.org/W2922361312","https://openalex.org/W2947690458","https://openalex.org/W2947825277","https://openalex.org/W2956646308","https://openalex.org/W2958257718","https://openalex.org/W2963023977","https://openalex.org/W2963209633","https://openalex.org/W2963334314","https://openalex.org/W2963403391","https://openalex.org/W2969388461","https://openalex.org/W2970759804","https://openalex.org/W2973245241","https://openalex.org/W2981845057","https://openalex.org/W2982424818","https://openalex.org/W2990857899","https://openalex.org/W2998571497","https://openalex.org/W2998623446","https://openalex.org/W2999645065","https://openalex.org/W3000315811","https://openalex.org/W3006396451","https://openalex.org/W3017010861","https://openalex.org/W3019945581","https://openalex.org/W3033259218","https://openalex.org/W3044516591","https://openalex.org/W3047442547","https://openalex.org/W3049663264","https://openalex.org/W3082335637","https://openalex.org/W3098966262","https://openalex.org/W3100491179","https://openalex.org/W3101098008","https://openalex.org/W3101813280","https://openalex.org/W3105376410","https://openalex.org/W3123528008","https://openalex.org/W3148198191","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6735607662","https://openalex.org/W6786028239"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200420173","https://openalex.org/W3120617837","https://openalex.org/W3127808443","https://openalex.org/W2916011811","https://openalex.org/W3034137700","https://openalex.org/W4362496467","https://openalex.org/W2896883851","https://openalex.org/W2917127270","https://openalex.org/W3185499500","https://openalex.org/W3014317926"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"enable":[1],"more":[2,136,185],"Internet-of-Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"devices":[5,29,114,137,186],"for":[6],"participating":[7],"in":[8,74,187],"the":[9,27,45,52,70,88,92,98,102,106,110,117,123,132,140,147,156,160,179],"Proof-of-Work":[10],"(PoW)":[11],"mining":[12,34],"process":[13],"of":[14,91,101,105,113,159],"public":[15],"blockchains,":[16],"we":[17,50,96],"propose":[18,78],"a":[19,64],"cooperative":[20,107,125,181],"mobile-edge":[21],"computing":[22],"(MEC)-aided":[23],"blockchain":[24,127,141],"network.":[25,118,142],"In":[26],"network,":[28],"can":[30,129,138,153,183],"offload":[31],"computation-intensive":[32],"PoW":[33],"tasks":[35],"to":[36,44,86,116],"base":[37],"stations":[38],"and":[39,58,77,109,135,175,178],"store":[40],"their":[41],"block":[42,56],"data":[43],"cloud":[46],"service":[47,60],"provider.":[48],"Then,":[49],"study":[51],"joint":[53],"computation":[54],"offloading,":[55],"storage,":[57],"resource":[59],"pricing":[61],"problem":[62,73],"as":[63],"three-stage":[65],"Stackelberg":[66,93],"game.":[67,94,161],"We":[68],"analyze":[69],"subgame":[71],"optimization":[72],"each":[75],"stage":[76],"an":[79],"iterative":[80,151,170],"algorithm":[81,152,171],"based":[82],"on":[83],"backward":[84,149,168],"induction":[85],"achieve":[87],"Nash":[89,157],"equilibrium":[90,158],"Furthermore,":[95],"derive":[97],"upper":[99],"bound":[100],"ergodic":[103],"throughput":[104],"scheme":[108,182],"maximum":[111],"number":[112],"connected":[115],"The":[119],"analysis":[120],"shows":[121],"that":[122,146,165],"proposed":[124,148,167,180],"MEC-aided":[126],"network":[128],"significantly":[130],"improve":[131],"system":[133],"throughput,":[134],"access":[139],"Analytical":[143],"results":[144,163],"show":[145,164],"induction-based":[150,169],"efficiently":[154],"attain":[155],"Numerical":[162],"our":[166],"has":[172],"fast":[173],"convergence":[174],"good":[176],"stability,":[177],"serve":[184],"comparison":[188],"with":[189],"other":[190],"noncooperative":[191],"schemes.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}