{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082367258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3051480","title":"Cost-Aware Feature Selection for IoT Device Classification","display_name":"Cost-Aware Feature Selection for IoT Device Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082367258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3051480","mag":"3082367258"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3051480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3051480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.01368","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Biswadeep Chakraborty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2351-4605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Biswadeep Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dinil Mon Divakaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8706-432X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinil Mon Divakaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber Security R&D Division, CTO Office, Trustwave, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Security R&D Division, CTO Office, Trustwave, Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ido Nevat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1567-3446"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ido Nevat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooling Singapore, TUMCREATE, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooling Singapore, TUMCREATE, Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gareth W. Peters","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gareth W. Peters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Actuarial Mathematics and Statistics, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Actuarial Mathematics and Statistics, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohan Gurusamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6764-268X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohan Gurusamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2191,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92936256,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"14","first_page":"11052","last_page":"11064"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.007899999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6317999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6080999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5990999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4456999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.33970001339912415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6317999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6080999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5990999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5116000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.45170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4456999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60777511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045002","display_name":"Concept drift","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194387892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747770","display_name":"Stochastic optimization","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3051480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3051480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2009.01368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.01368","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.01368","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/194951","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/194951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Elements","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2009.01368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.01368","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.01368","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1233254008","https://openalex.org/W1418108976","https://openalex.org/W1976516122","https://openalex.org/W1983616772","https://openalex.org/W2037478404","https://openalex.org/W2066792529","https://openalex.org/W2094779007","https://openalex.org/W2114996745","https://openalex.org/W2132083787","https://openalex.org/W2137317896","https://openalex.org/W2461572269","https://openalex.org/W2593148035","https://openalex.org/W2593370983","https://openalex.org/W2605823630","https://openalex.org/W2621148797","https://openalex.org/W2743633995","https://openalex.org/W2775542991","https://openalex.org/W2888096149","https://openalex.org/W2888505697","https://openalex.org/W2900235511","https://openalex.org/W2901909474","https://openalex.org/W2921669466","https://openalex.org/W2947969447","https://openalex.org/W2969495950","https://openalex.org/W3008176860","https://openalex.org/W3195894106","https://openalex.org/W4245409806","https://openalex.org/W4253269957","https://openalex.org/W6675523830","https://openalex.org/W6679900766","https://openalex.org/W6712287468","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6739320202","https://openalex.org/W6743493502"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"classification":[1],"of":[2,10,113,142,154,188,195,205],"Internet-of-Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"devices":[5],"into":[6],"different":[7,99,101,127],"types":[8],"is":[9],"paramount":[11],"importance,":[12],"from":[13,61,109],"multiple":[14],"perspectives,":[15],"including":[16],"security":[17],"and":[18,87,95,122,135,150,176],"privacy":[19],"aspects.":[20],"Recent":[21],"works":[22,40],"have":[23,41],"explored":[24],"machine":[25,50],"learning":[26,51],"techniques":[27],"for":[28,47,100,126,144,211],"fingerprinting":[29],"(or":[30],"classifying)":[31],"IoT":[32,145,156],"devices,":[33,190],"with":[34,75,202],"promising":[35],"results.":[36],"However,":[37],"the":[38,44,49,62,72,96,110,115,131,140,152,180,193,196,209],"existing":[39],"assumed":[42],"that":[43,89],"features":[45,201],"used":[46],"building":[48],"models":[52],"are":[53,98],"readily":[54],"available":[55],"or":[56],"can":[57],"be":[58],"easily":[59],"extracted":[60],"network":[63],"traffic;":[64],"in":[65,173,199],"other":[66],"words,":[67],"they":[68],"do":[69],"not":[70],"consider":[71],"costs":[73,97],"associated":[74],"feature":[76,90,212],"extraction.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79],"work,":[80],"we":[81,138,165,191],"take":[82,105],"a":[83,93,106,119,124,161,167,174,215],"more":[84,136],"realistic":[85],"approach,":[86],"argue":[88],"extraction":[91,213],"has":[92],"cost,":[94],"features.":[102],"We":[103,148],"also":[104],"step":[107],"forward":[108],"current":[111],"practice":[112],"considering":[114],"misclassification":[116,132,206],"loss":[117],"as":[118],"binary":[120],"value,":[121],"make":[123],"case":[125],"losses":[128],"based":[129],"on":[130],"performance.":[133],"Thereby,":[134],"importantly,":[137],"introduce":[139],"notion":[141],"risk":[143,204],"device":[146,157],"classification.":[147,158],"define":[149],"formulate":[151],"problem":[153],"cost-aware":[155],"This":[159],"being":[160],"combinatorial":[162],"optimization":[163,184],"problem,":[164],"develop":[166],"novel":[168],"algorithm":[169,198],"to":[170],"solve":[171],"it":[172],"fast":[175],"effective":[177],"way":[178],"using":[179],"cross-entropy":[181],"(CE)-based":[182],"stochastic":[183],"technique.":[185],"Using":[186],"traffic":[187],"real":[189],"demonstrate":[192],"capability":[194],"CE-based":[197],"selecting":[200],"minimal":[203],"while":[207],"keeping":[208],"cost":[210],"within":[214],"specified":[216],"limit.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2020-09-08T00:00:00"}