{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3114508073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3046929","title":"Beamforming Optimization for Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided SWIPT IoT Networks Relying on Discrete Phase Shifts","display_name":"Beamforming Optimization for Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided SWIPT IoT Networks Relying on Discrete Phase Shifts","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3114508073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3046929","mag":"3114508073"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3046929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3046929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029000014","display_name":"Shiqi Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3966-8000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiqi Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053384248","display_name":"Ziyi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1365-0507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1365-0507","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110284892","display_name":"Chengwen Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4081-1954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengwen Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044674658","display_name":"Jianping An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-9711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-9711","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091122305","display_name":"Lajos Hanzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-5214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lajos Hanzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-5214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0565,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97178392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"10","first_page":"8585","last_page":"8602"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7982178330421448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.755525529384613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.6253342032432556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.591842770576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5454949736595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.5103432536125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4854758083820343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.47524070739746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3957251310348511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38382670283317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.285925030708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1779278814792633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16473481059074402}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7982178330421448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.755525529384613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.6253342032432556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.591842770576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5454949736595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.5103432536125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4854758083820343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.47524070739746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3957251310348511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38382670283317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.285925030708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1779278814792633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16473481059074402}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3046929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3046929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:446015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2020.3046929>).","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1032414495","display_name":"Converged Optical and Wireless Access Networks (COALESCE)","funder_award_id":"EP/P003990/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1972339859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P034284/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2252373012","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61722104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2308221996","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61620106001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2422336959","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P003990/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3583385501","display_name":"Cooperative backhaul aided next-generation digital subscriber loops","funder_award_id":"EP/N004558/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3964311364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N004558/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4400064371","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB1803200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333591","funder_display_name":"Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5541624330","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1836201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5991684347","display_name":"New Air Interface Techniques for Future Massive Machine-Type Communications","funder_award_id":"EP/P034284/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6493749180","display_name":"\u5bc6\u96c6\u5f02\u6784\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5f02\u6b65\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4f18\u5316\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61671058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7333526038","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RCS2018K005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323067","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","display_name":"Royal Society","ror":"https://ror.org/03wnrjx87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323066","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323067","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333591","display_name":"Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568307856","https://openalex.org/W1966000877","https://openalex.org/W2023535408","https://openalex.org/W2050968963","https://openalex.org/W2052636112","https://openalex.org/W2122744491","https://openalex.org/W2155014525","https://openalex.org/W2167057907","https://openalex.org/W2610940182","https://openalex.org/W2764170017","https://openalex.org/W2780231131","https://openalex.org/W2796880816","https://openalex.org/W2924352133","https://openalex.org/W2943427531","https://openalex.org/W2945534522","https://openalex.org/W2953226670","https://openalex.org/W2963684294","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2971081711","https://openalex.org/W2971912794","https://openalex.org/W2981792785","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W2995726768","https://openalex.org/W2996961035","https://openalex.org/W3002384078","https://openalex.org/W3004201425","https://openalex.org/W3011747750","https://openalex.org/W3013719647","https://openalex.org/W3021225717","https://openalex.org/W3030403925","https://openalex.org/W3035386068","https://openalex.org/W3038534820","https://openalex.org/W3042544305","https://openalex.org/W3045518381","https://openalex.org/W3100218246","https://openalex.org/W3104931414","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4288335807","https://openalex.org/W4288408952"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3087844490","https://openalex.org/W2561058892","https://openalex.org/W2287071596","https://openalex.org/W3090699061","https://openalex.org/W4387546583","https://openalex.org/W2623668551","https://openalex.org/W2051762234","https://openalex.org/W2131408743","https://openalex.org/W2055634632","https://openalex.org/W2171065346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"reflecting":[1],"surface":[2],"(IRS)":[3],"is":[4,90,207],"capable":[5],"of":[6,117,149,164,191,229],"constructing":[7],"the":[8,26,42,50,60,72,83,94,113,122,128,136,139,145,154,162,174,189,195,201,213,218,226,230,234,238],"favorable":[9],"wireless":[10,31],"propagation":[11],"environment":[12],"by":[13,169],"leveraging":[14],"massive":[15],"low-cost":[16],"reconfigurable":[17],"reflect":[18],"array":[19],"elements.":[20],"In":[21,135],"this":[22,118,165],"article,":[23],"we":[24],"investigate":[25],"IRS-aided":[27],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[28],"(MIMO)":[29],"simultaneous":[30],"information":[32,67],"and":[33,49,92,115,127,153,178,217],"power":[34],"transfer":[35],"(SWIPT)":[36],"for":[37,58],"Internet-of-Things":[38],"(IoT)":[39],"networks,":[40],"where":[41],"active":[43],"base":[44],"station":[45],"(BS)":[46],"transmits":[47],"beamforming":[48,216],"passive":[51],"IRS":[52,84,219],"reflection":[53,220],"coefficients":[54],"are":[55,133,158],"jointly":[56],"optimized":[57],"maximizing":[59],"minimum":[61,73],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[62],"ratio":[63],"(SINR)":[64],"among":[65,108],"all":[66,78],"decoders":[68],"(IDs),":[69],"while":[70],"maintaining":[71],"total":[74],"harvested":[75],"energy":[76,79],"at":[77],"receivers":[80],"(ERs).":[81],"Moreover,":[82,198],"with":[85,104],"practical":[86],"discrete":[87,170],"phase":[88],"shifts":[89],"considered,":[91],"thereby":[93],"max-min":[95,119,166],"SINR":[96],"problem":[97,103],"becomes":[98],"an":[99],"NP-hard":[100],"combinatorial":[101,141],"optimization":[102,109,142,171,181,193],"a":[105,204],"strong":[106],"coupling":[107],"variables.":[110,172],"To":[111],"explore":[112],"insights":[114],"generality":[116],"design,":[120],"both":[121,237],"single-ID":[123],"single-ER":[124],"(SISE)":[125],"scenario":[126,132],"multiple-IDs":[129],"multiple-ERs":[130],"(MIME)":[131],"studied.":[134],"SISE":[137],"scenario,":[138],"classical":[140],"techniques,":[143],"namely,":[144],"special":[146],"ordered":[147],"set":[148],"type":[150],"1":[151],"(SOS1)":[152],"reformulation-linearization":[155],"(RL)":[156],"technique,":[157],"applied":[159],"to":[160,194,199,210],"overcome":[161],"difficulty":[163],"design":[167],"imposed":[168],"Then,":[173],"optimal":[175],"branch-and-bound":[176],"algorithm":[177,182],"suboptimal":[179],"alternating":[180,192],"are,":[183],"respectively,":[184],"proposed.":[185],"We":[186],"further":[187],"extend":[188],"idea":[190],"MIME":[196],"scenario.":[197],"reduce":[200],"iteration":[202],"complexity,":[203],"two-stage":[205],"scheme":[206],"considered":[208],"aiming":[209],"separately":[211],"optimize":[212],"BS":[214],"transmit":[215],"coefficients.":[221],"Finally,":[222],"numerical":[223],"simulations":[224],"demonstrate":[225],"superior":[227],"performance":[228],"proposed":[231],"algorithms":[232],"over":[233],"benchmarks":[235],"in":[236],"two":[239],"scenarios.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}