{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107806454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3040358","title":"MTD, Where Art Thou? A Systematic Review of Moving Target Defense Techniques for IoT","display_name":"MTD, Where Art Thou? A Systematic Review of Moving Target Defense Techniques for IoT","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107806454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3040358","mag":"3107806454"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3040358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3040358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03088360","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071421986","display_name":"Renzo E. Navas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-7444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161929037","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Occidentale","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8h3982","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161929037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123702","display_name":"Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l\u2019Information de la Communication et de la Connaissance","ror":"https://ror.org/0266kfd37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I180375564","https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4405260085"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127572","display_name":"IMT Atlantique","ror":"https://ror.org/030hj3061","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210127572"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Renzo E. Navas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lab-STICC, UMR CNRS 6285, IMT Atlantique, Rennes, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab-STICC, UMR CNRS 6285, IMT Atlantique, Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I161929037","https://openalex.org/I4210123702"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074976207","display_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Cuppens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1124-2200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederic Cuppens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department du Genie Informatique et Genie Logiciel, \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department du Genie Informatique et Genie Logiciel, \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011273434","display_name":"Nora Cuppens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8792-0413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nora Boulahia Cuppens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department du Genie Informatique et Genie Logiciel, \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department du Genie Informatique et Genie Logiciel, \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055522567","display_name":"Laurent Toutain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802519937","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","ror":"https://ror.org/00myn0z94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127572","display_name":"IMT Atlantique","ror":"https://ror.org/030hj3061","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210127572"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurent Toutain","raw_affiliation_strings":["UMR CNRS 6074, IMT Atlantique, IRISA, Rennes, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UMR CNRS 6074, IMT Atlantique, IRISA, Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055093271","display_name":"Georgios Z. Papadopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0331-0579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802519937","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","ror":"https://ror.org/00myn0z94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127572","display_name":"IMT Atlantique","ror":"https://ror.org/030hj3061","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210127572"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Z. Papadopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["UMR CNRS 6074, IMT Atlantique, IRISA, Rennes, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UMR CNRS 6074, IMT Atlantique, IRISA, Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071421986"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I161929037","https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210127572"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8694,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96214984,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"10","first_page":"7818","last_page":"7832"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6919760704040527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6818616390228271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6817002892494202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6251382231712341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5048943161964417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.46495115756988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thou","display_name":"Thou","score":0.45585402846336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4540163278579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2451474964618683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.15682977437973022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6919760704040527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6818616390228271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6817002892494202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6251382231712341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5048943161964417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.46495115756988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779937246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2022000","display_name":"Thou","level":2,"score":0.45585402846336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4540163278579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2451474964618683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.15682977437973022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3040358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3040358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03088360v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03088360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2020, pp.1 - 1. ⟨10.1109/JIOT.2020.3040358⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.polymtl.ca:47028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.polymtl.ca/47028/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401013","display_name":"PolyPublie (\u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","host_organization_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article de revue"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03088360v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03088360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2020, pp.1 - 1. ⟨10.1109/JIOT.2020.3040358⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36373687","https://openalex.org/W1507814913","https://openalex.org/W1534103258","https://openalex.org/W1969147088","https://openalex.org/W1975675278","https://openalex.org/W1984703207","https://openalex.org/W1999588868","https://openalex.org/W1999760104","https://openalex.org/W2018140810","https://openalex.org/W2027885472","https://openalex.org/W2034144210","https://openalex.org/W2045335558","https://openalex.org/W2058586087","https://openalex.org/W2074343878","https://openalex.org/W2105505256","https://openalex.org/W2115691067","https://openalex.org/W2118328848","https://openalex.org/W2149327697","https://openalex.org/W2168325269","https://openalex.org/W2197836422","https://openalex.org/W2240387146","https://openalex.org/W2253711217","https://openalex.org/W2286214201","https://openalex.org/W2481831868","https://openalex.org/W2484680112","https://openalex.org/W2494110282","https://openalex.org/W2495029760","https://openalex.org/W2529383525","https://openalex.org/W2553599541","https://openalex.org/W2553733554","https://openalex.org/W2561357874","https://openalex.org/W2565266307","https://openalex.org/W2580334929","https://openalex.org/W2586250350","https://openalex.org/W2590700859","https://openalex.org/W2606659758","https://openalex.org/W2612764117","https://openalex.org/W2733765803","https://openalex.org/W2734592244","https://openalex.org/W2744579627","https://openalex.org/W2758789527","https://openalex.org/W2765736291","https://openalex.org/W2768696376","https://openalex.org/W2774271332","https://openalex.org/W2790159620","https://openalex.org/W2791875802","https://openalex.org/W2792981007","https://openalex.org/W2794784912","https://openalex.org/W2868191876","https://openalex.org/W2883263864","https://openalex.org/W2884410905","https://openalex.org/W2888219913","https://openalex.org/W2889165602","https://openalex.org/W2894596771","https://openalex.org/W2910704120","https://openalex.org/W2910717570","https://openalex.org/W2914063152","https://openalex.org/W2914370086","https://openalex.org/W2954759489","https://openalex.org/W2963675341","https://openalex.org/W2969920946","https://openalex.org/W2976152462","https://openalex.org/W2996903041","https://openalex.org/W2997201843","https://openalex.org/W3003279768","https://openalex.org/W3013219028","https://openalex.org/W3034218580","https://openalex.org/W3038406707","https://openalex.org/W3150624049","https://openalex.org/W4243749856","https://openalex.org/W6630190810","https://openalex.org/W6692120302","https://openalex.org/W6753800401","https://openalex.org/W6758766419","https://openalex.org/W6766893382","https://openalex.org/W6780181684"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106634375","https://openalex.org/W140556465","https://openalex.org/W4381432557","https://openalex.org/W2523321987","https://openalex.org/W5707938","https://openalex.org/W3213596696","https://openalex.org/W1503830662","https://openalex.org/W2333921707","https://openalex.org/W2990149120","https://openalex.org/W3117537986"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Context:":[0],"Internet-of-Things":[1],"(IoT)":[2],"systems":[3],"are":[4,134,190],"increasingly":[5],"deployed":[6],"in":[7,34,91],"the":[8,16,19,53,88,100,115,172,178,183],"real":[9],"world,":[10],"but":[11],"their":[12,141,167],"security":[13,94,148,184,198],"lags":[14],"behind":[15],"state":[17,176],"of":[18,21,55,93,161,177,186],"art":[20,179],"non-IoT":[22],"systems.":[23,64],"Moving":[24],"target":[25],"defense":[26],"(MTD)":[27],"is":[28,114,154,180],"a":[29,58,68,155],"cyberdefense":[30,157],"paradigm,":[31],"successfully":[32],"implemented":[33],"conventional":[35],"systems,":[36],"that":[37],"could":[38],"improve":[39],"IoT":[40,50,63,80,130,153,175],"security.":[41],"Objective:":[42],"Identify":[43],"and":[44,51,75,96,106,144,169,200],"synthesize":[45],"existing":[46,77,89,188],"MTD":[47,56,78,117,128,151,173],"techniques":[48,81,90,131,193],"for":[49,62,79,129,152,174],"validate":[52],"feasibility":[54],"as":[57],"cybersecurity":[59],"paradigm":[60],"suitable":[61],"Method:":[65],"We":[66,86,104],"use":[67,107,120],"systematic":[69],"literature":[70],"review":[71],"method":[72],"to":[73,83,110,119],"search":[74],"analyze":[76],"up":[82],"July":[84],"2020.":[85],"evaluated":[87],"terms":[92],"foundations":[95,185,199],"real-world":[97,142,201],"deployability":[98],"using":[99],"evidence":[101,139,165],"they":[102],"provide.":[103],"define":[105],"entropy-related":[108],"metrics":[109],"categorize":[111],"them.":[112],"This":[113],"first":[116],"survey":[118],"Shannon's":[121],"entropy":[122],"metric":[123],"empirically.":[124],"Results:":[125],"Thirty-two":[126],"distinct":[127],"exist:":[132],"54%":[133],"Network-layer-based,":[135],"50%":[136],"present":[137],"strong":[138],"about":[140,166],"deployment,":[143],"64%":[145],"have":[146],"weak":[147],"foundations.":[149],"Conclusion:":[150],"feasible":[156],"approach.":[158],"A":[159],"variety":[160],"proposals":[162,189],"exist,":[163],"with":[164],"implementation":[168],"evaluation.":[170],"Nevertheless,":[171],"still":[181],"immature:":[182],"most":[187],"weak.":[191],"Novel":[192],"should":[194],"prioritize":[195],"providing":[196],"convincing":[197],"deployment":[202],"evidence.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-12T07:58:50.170612","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}