{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107123323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3040237","title":"PLCDefender: Improving Remote Attestation Techniques for PLCs Using Physical Model","display_name":"PLCDefender: Improving Remote Attestation Techniques for PLCs Using Physical Model","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107123323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3040237","mag":"3107123323"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3040237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3040237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071947142","display_name":"Mohsen Salehi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-2093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Salehi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-2093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068904826","display_name":"Siavash Bayat-Sarmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-2505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siavash Bayat-Sarmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-2505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8679,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88906945,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"9","first_page":"7372","last_page":"7379"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7319638133049011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmable-logic-controller","display_name":"Programmable logic controller","score":0.6830186247825623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.5485972166061401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5377763509750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.536298930644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-control-system","display_name":"Industrial control system","score":0.4859251081943512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4587341845035553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4523691236972809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-logic","display_name":"Control logic","score":0.4376981556415558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-machine","display_name":"Finite-state machine","score":0.41949978470802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.35996025800704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16987580060958862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.15555715560913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13240966200828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13113421201705933}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7319638133049011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37374048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188674","display_name":"Programmable logic controller","level":2,"score":0.6830186247825623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.5485972166061401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5377763509750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.536298930644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40071531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2513962","display_name":"Industrial control system","level":3,"score":0.4859251081943512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4587341845035553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4523691236972809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776350369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843479","display_name":"Control logic","level":2,"score":0.4376981556415558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167822520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite-state machine","level":2,"score":0.41949978470802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.35996025800704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16987580060958862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.15555715560913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13240966200828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13113421201705933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3040237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3040237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526538707","https://openalex.org/W1579904204","https://openalex.org/W2011728129","https://openalex.org/W2021362805","https://openalex.org/W2068693276","https://openalex.org/W2075095478","https://openalex.org/W2099613071","https://openalex.org/W2128159601","https://openalex.org/W2152605584","https://openalex.org/W2158208985","https://openalex.org/W2511988939","https://openalex.org/W2521150000","https://openalex.org/W2560211752","https://openalex.org/W2613412685","https://openalex.org/W2619874920","https://openalex.org/W2625587722","https://openalex.org/W2752493903","https://openalex.org/W2768947629","https://openalex.org/W2771494169","https://openalex.org/W2772142381","https://openalex.org/W2774169481","https://openalex.org/W2782500360","https://openalex.org/W2810107741","https://openalex.org/W2908471618","https://openalex.org/W3026309498","https://openalex.org/W3099532443","https://openalex.org/W3103497171","https://openalex.org/W3103553961","https://openalex.org/W4246712378","https://openalex.org/W4256497308","https://openalex.org/W6682198590","https://openalex.org/W6745792373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2742562413","https://openalex.org/W3147872107","https://openalex.org/W2768165469","https://openalex.org/W4312858719","https://openalex.org/W2600332792","https://openalex.org/W2289521417","https://openalex.org/W4253069238","https://openalex.org/W2237732271","https://openalex.org/W3155069932","https://openalex.org/W3203500078"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,24,79],"order":[1],"to":[2,98],"guarantee":[3],"the":[4,12,16,29,44,47,66,100,148],"security":[5],"of":[6,15,46,104,117,159],"industrial":[7],"control":[8,31,68,101],"system":[9,49],"(ICS)":[10],"processes,":[11],"proper":[13],"functioning":[14],"programmable":[17],"logic":[18,32,69],"controllers":[19],"(PLCs)":[20],"must":[21],"be":[22],"ensured.":[23],"particular,":[25],"cyberattacks":[26],"can":[27,64,130,153],"manipulate":[28],"PLC":[30,67,132],"program":[33,70],"and":[34,109],"cause":[35],"terrible":[36],"damage":[37],"that":[38,63,75,88,145],"jeopardize":[39],"people's":[40],"life":[41],"when":[42],"bringing":[43],"state":[45],"critical":[48],"into":[50],"an":[51],"unreliable":[52],"state.":[53],"Unfortunately,":[54],"no":[55],"remote":[56,91],"attestation":[57,92],"technique":[58,93],"has":[59],"yet":[60],"been":[61],"proposed":[62],"validate":[65],"using":[71],"a":[72,85,95,114,120,156],"physics-based":[73,96],"model":[74,97,131],"demonstrates":[76],"device":[77],"behavior.":[78],"this":[80],"article,":[81],"we":[82,129],"propose":[83],"PLCDefender,":[84],"mitigation":[86],"method":[87],"combines":[89],"hybrid":[90],"with":[94,135],"preserve":[99],"behavior":[102,134],"integrity":[103],"ICS.":[105],"We":[106],"implemented":[107],"PLCDefender":[108,152],"evaluated":[110],"its":[111],"effectiveness":[112],"against":[113],"wide":[115,157],"range":[116,158],"attacks":[118],"on":[119,162],"secure":[121],"water":[122],"treatment":[123],"facility.":[124],"As":[125],"our":[126],"evaluation":[127,142],"shows,":[128],"physical":[133],"accuracy":[136],"as":[137,139],"high":[138],"98%.":[140],"The":[141],"results":[143],"show":[144],"by":[146],"determining":[147],"different":[149],"threshold":[150],"values,":[151],"accurately":[154],"detect":[155],"attack":[160],"scenarios":[161],"PLCs.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T08:55:40.977307","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
