{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3097709446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3035697","title":"An IoT-Based Anti-Counterfeiting System Using Visual Features on QR Code","display_name":"An IoT-Based Anti-Counterfeiting System Using Visual Features on QR Code","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3097709446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3035697","mag":"3097709446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3035697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3035697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010930852","display_name":"Yulong Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9845-0899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulong Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043039025","display_name":"Zhuo Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8546-1329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101752284","display_name":"Hui Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1044-3660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091347","display_name":"Robert Bosch (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cedkn40","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091347","https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asia-Pacific, Bosch (China) Investment Ltd., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asia-Pacific, Bosch (China) Investment Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091347"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101992667","display_name":"Yu Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2707-3803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091347","display_name":"Robert Bosch (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cedkn40","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091347","https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asia-Pacific, Bosch (China) Investment Ltd., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asia-Pacific, Bosch (China) Investment Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091347"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101565820","display_name":"Li\u2010Rong Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9588-0239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lirong Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0359,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95800577,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"8","first_page":"6789","last_page":"6799"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13270","display_name":"QR Code Applications and Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13270","display_name":"QR Code Applications and Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8256981372833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5121757984161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-for-manufacturability","display_name":"Design for manufacturability","score":0.5035530924797058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4956868886947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.486666738986969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.46113669872283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4397217631340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4301658272743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4293772578239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4190448820590973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.38237836956977844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11053860187530518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09534427523612976}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8256981372833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5121757984161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62064638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q553878","display_name":"Design for manufacturability","level":2,"score":0.5035530924797058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4956868886947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.486666738986969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.46113669872283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4397217631340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4301658272743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4293772578239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4190448820590973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.38237836956977844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11053860187530518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09534427523612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3035697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3035697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W302384658","https://openalex.org/W650494411","https://openalex.org/W1491719799","https://openalex.org/W1510532633","https://openalex.org/W1532362218","https://openalex.org/W1540596182","https://openalex.org/W1565093534","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1964859077","https://openalex.org/W1970461658","https://openalex.org/W1982471090","https://openalex.org/W2005055373","https://openalex.org/W2048710758","https://openalex.org/W2051837672","https://openalex.org/W2073808537","https://openalex.org/W2117228865","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2120894252","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2134092095","https://openalex.org/W2141584146","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2465567107","https://openalex.org/W2606901121","https://openalex.org/W2614794822","https://openalex.org/W2763376988","https://openalex.org/W2790447883","https://openalex.org/W2793538184","https://openalex.org/W2806977688","https://openalex.org/W2903968376","https://openalex.org/W2913429812","https://openalex.org/W2921294931","https://openalex.org/W2921995610","https://openalex.org/W3028867652","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6629564929","https://openalex.org/W6631707545","https://openalex.org/W6637400245","https://openalex.org/W6678914141","https://openalex.org/W6759057345","https://openalex.org/W6778434676"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094969048","https://openalex.org/W994558755","https://openalex.org/W3035935536","https://openalex.org/W2372119205","https://openalex.org/W2010746423","https://openalex.org/W2117710422","https://openalex.org/W1891369868","https://openalex.org/W4283270028","https://openalex.org/W4249006572","https://openalex.org/W1787300689"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,124],"Internet-of-Things":[4],"(IoT)":[5],"anti-counterfeiting":[6,99,177],"system":[7,187],"that":[8,150],"uses":[9],"visual":[10,20,37],"features":[11,21,42,46,56,72,181],"combined":[12],"with":[13,28,112,129,188],"the":[14,23,29,50,58,70,88,92,98,102,106,113,120,130],"quick":[15],"response":[16],"(QR)":[17],"code.":[18],"The":[19,53,168,186],"guarantee":[22],"authenticity":[24],"of":[25,60,176],"a":[26,147,160,164],"product":[27],"QR":[30,93,131],"code":[31,94,166],"for":[32,76,156,179],"tracking":[33],"and":[34,43,80,85,153,173,182,191],"tracing.":[35],"Two":[36],"features,":[38,184],"i.e.,":[39],"natural":[40,54],"texture":[41,55,59,180],"printed":[44],"micro":[45,71,183],"are":[47,73,83],"exploited":[48],"in":[49,87,196],"proposed":[51],"system.":[52],"use":[57],"fiber":[61],"paper":[62],"to":[63,115],"achieve":[64],"physical":[65],"unclonable":[66],"function":[67],"(PUF),":[68],"while":[69],"artificially":[74],"generated":[75,84],"improved":[77],"industrial":[78],"manufacturability":[79],"reliability.":[81],"Features":[82],"registered":[86],"production":[89],"phase":[90],"when":[91],"is":[95,110,126],"printed.":[96],"In":[97],"verification":[100,121,178],"phase,":[101],"feature":[103,107],"obtained":[104],"through":[105],"extraction":[108],"algorithm":[109],"compared":[111],"record":[114],"calculate":[116],"similarity,":[117],"which":[118],"indicates":[119],"result.":[122],"Such":[123],"approach":[125],"fully":[127],"compatible":[128],"code-based":[132],"logistic":[133],"process":[134],"without":[135],"any":[136],"additional":[137],"manufacturing":[138],"cost.":[139],"A":[140],"user-friendly":[141],"application":[142],"has":[143,193],"been":[144,194],"developed":[145],"on":[146],"mobile":[148,161],"platform":[149],"facilitates":[151],"easy-to-use":[152],"affordable":[154],"devices":[155],"verification,":[157],"such":[158],"as":[159],"phone":[162],"or":[163],"handheld":[165],"reader.":[167],"experimental":[169],"results":[170],"show":[171],"99.6%":[172],"99.9%":[174],"accuracy":[175],"respectively.":[185],"corresponding":[189],"algorithms":[190],"software":[192],"demonstrated":[195],"real-life":[197],"products.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}