{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3017236471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3022276","title":"Enhancing Routing Security in IoT: Performance Evaluation of RPL\u2019s Secure Mode Under Attacks","display_name":"Enhancing Routing Security in IoT: Performance Evaluation of RPL\u2019s Secure Mode Under Attacks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3017236471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3022276","mag":"3017236471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3022276","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3022276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07815","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ahmed Raoof","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4463-6935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Raoof","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Design, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4463-6935","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Design, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ashraf Matrawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9220-4630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashraf Matrawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9220-4630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chung-Horng Lung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-490X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung-Horng Lung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Design, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-490X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Design, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2191,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91929924,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"12","first_page":"11536","last_page":"11546"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.257999986410141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.257999986410141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.11969999969005585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.08410000056028366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.5921000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.515500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-source-routing","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zone-routing-protocol","display_name":"Zone Routing Protocol","score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-based-routing","display_name":"Policy-based routing","score":0.34630000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-table","display_name":"Routing table","score":0.3450999855995178}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.717199981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.5921000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.515500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.41179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189884158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8073926","display_name":"Zone Routing Protocol","level":5,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196423136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7209671","display_name":"Policy-based routing","level":5,"score":0.34630000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184896649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290066","display_name":"Routing table","level":4,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87044965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091139","display_name":"Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol","level":5,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.3375999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76522221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035396","display_name":"Multipath routing","level":5,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121822524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157582","display_name":"Computer security model","level":2,"score":0.3215999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10511746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899388","display_name":"Data security","level":3,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22111027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070427","display_name":"Internet security","level":4,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130881749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586894","display_name":"Security association","level":5,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60448319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154021","display_name":"Block cipher mode of operation","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22655229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143627","display_name":"Triangular routing","level":5,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94600068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7371621","display_name":"Routing domain","level":5,"score":0.25760000944137573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3022276","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3022276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2004.07815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.07815","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07815","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2004.07815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.07815","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07815","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W317521241","https://openalex.org/W1971673042","https://openalex.org/W1988643085","https://openalex.org/W2026609766","https://openalex.org/W2063874518","https://openalex.org/W2105532535","https://openalex.org/W2125555950","https://openalex.org/W2269222209","https://openalex.org/W2281666703","https://openalex.org/W2289738957","https://openalex.org/W2325877089","https://openalex.org/W2610120714","https://openalex.org/W2612967926","https://openalex.org/W2755594459","https://openalex.org/W2790799828","https://openalex.org/W2793573850","https://openalex.org/W2793682771","https://openalex.org/W2900703633","https://openalex.org/W2904959125","https://openalex.org/W2946271048","https://openalex.org/W2998975306","https://openalex.org/W3009538157","https://openalex.org/W4230482369","https://openalex.org/W6634202734","https://openalex.org/W6688741434"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,12,17,25,35,42,45,81,105,176,188,211,216],"routing":[2,15,116,132],"protocol":[3],"for":[4,14,58,80,198,215],"low":[5],"power":[6,158],"and":[7,107,125,138,173],"lossy":[8],"networks":[9],"(RPL)s":[10],"became":[11],"standard":[13],"in":[16,49,61],"Internet-of-Things":[18],"(IoT)":[19,66],"networks,":[20],"many":[21],"researchers":[22],"had":[23],"investigated":[24,41,212],"security":[26,46,75,98,112,128,196],"aspects":[27],"of":[28,37,44,64,73,109,121,190,202,208],"this":[29,101,179],"protocol.":[30],"However,":[31],"no":[32,56],"work":[33],"(to":[34],"best":[36],"our":[38],"knowledge)":[39],"has":[40],"use":[43],"mechanisms":[47,76,113,197],"included":[48],"RPL's":[50,74,97,111,122],"standard,":[51],"mainly":[52],"because":[53],"there":[54],"was":[55,77],"implementation":[57,72],"these":[59,203],"features":[60],"any":[62],"Internet":[63],"Things":[65],"operating":[67,83],"systems":[68],"yet.":[69],"A":[70],"partial":[71],"presented":[78],"recently":[79],"Contiki":[82],"system":[84],"(by":[85],"Perazzo":[86],"et":[87],"al.),":[88],"which":[89],"provided":[90],"us":[91],"with":[92,124],"an":[93],"opportunity":[94],"to":[95],"examine":[96],"mechanisms.":[99],"In":[100],"article,":[102],"we":[103,181],"investigate":[104],"effects":[106,189],"challenges":[108],"using":[110,144,165],"under":[114,130,210],"common":[115],"attacks.":[117],"First,":[118],"a":[119],"comparison":[120,162],"performance,":[123],"without":[126,193],"its":[127],"mechanisms,":[129],"four":[131],"attacks":[133],"[Blackhole,":[134],"Selective-Forward":[135],"(SF),":[136],"Neighbor,":[137],"Wormhole":[139],"(WH)":[140],"attacks]":[141],"is":[142,163],"conducted":[143],"several":[145],"metrics":[146],"(e.g.,":[147],"average":[148,153,157],"data":[149,154],"packet":[150,155],"delivery":[151],"rate,":[152],"latency,":[156],"consumption,":[159],"etc.).":[160],"This":[161],"performed":[164],"two":[166,183],"commonly":[167],"used":[168],"radio":[169],"duty-cycle":[170],"protocols.":[171],"Second,":[172],"based":[174],"on":[175],"observations":[177],"from":[178],"comparison,":[180],"propose":[182],"techniques":[184,204],"that":[185],"could":[186],"reduce":[187],"such":[191],"attacks,":[192,213],"having":[194],"added":[195],"RPL.":[199],"An":[200],"evaluation":[201],"shows":[205],"improved":[206],"performance":[207],"RPL":[209],"except":[214],"WH.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2020-04-24T00:00:00"}