{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3190858484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3015239","title":"Combining Pose Invariant and Discriminative Features for Vehicle Reidentification","display_name":"Combining Pose Invariant and Discriminative Features for Vehicle Reidentification","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3190858484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3015239","mag":"3190858484"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3015239","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3015239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100627101","display_name":"Hao Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2811-8962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2811-8962","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026666435","display_name":"Kai Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6533-5176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang Hangzhou Institute for Innovation at Yuhang, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China","State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6533-5176","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang Hangzhou Institute for Innovation at Yuhang, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100654080","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9698-9551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang Hangzhou Institute for Innovation at Yuhang, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China","State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9698-9551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang Hangzhou Institute for Innovation at Yuhang, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019419036","display_name":"Wei Ke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0952-0961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49835588","display_name":"Macao Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sf5td35","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0952-0961","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444159","display_name":"Weifeng Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-9509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weifeng Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-9509","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442123","display_name":"Zhang Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9421-1014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090501915","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3947-4495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9578,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88833361,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"5","first_page":"3189","last_page":"3200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.8434094190597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7457137107849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7039967775344849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6376173496246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.5595462322235107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5594373941421509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.4807888865470886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45353034138679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4061588644981384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14935865998268127}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.8434094190597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7457137107849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7039967775344849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6376173496246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5595462322235107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5594373941421509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4807888865470886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45353034138679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4061588644981384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14935865998268127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3015239","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3015239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G15113749","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SKLSDE2019ZX-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326978","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1809443029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5103669518","display_name":"\u5feb\u7167\u5f0f\u6210\u50cf\u5149\u8c31\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61635002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5487219052","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61861166002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326978","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1731081199","https://openalex.org/W1882958252","https://openalex.org/W1928419358","https://openalex.org/W1949591461","https://openalex.org/W1958236864","https://openalex.org/W1979260620","https://openalex.org/W1991452654","https://openalex.org/W2018507448","https://openalex.org/W2046835352","https://openalex.org/W2068042582","https://openalex.org/W2073430215","https://openalex.org/W2079972027","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2098807270","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2115669554","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2204750386","https://openalex.org/W2342611082","https://openalex.org/W2465670578","https://openalex.org/W2470322391","https://openalex.org/W2475242006","https://openalex.org/W2512434173","https://openalex.org/W2519904008","https://openalex.org/W2520433280","https://openalex.org/W2531440880","https://openalex.org/W2585635281","https://openalex.org/W2596636257","https://openalex.org/W2747685395","https://openalex.org/W2776879428","https://openalex.org/W2789546350","https://openalex.org/W2799251491","https://openalex.org/W2800017313","https://openalex.org/W2802810579","https://openalex.org/W2885476150","https://openalex.org/W2894016331","https://openalex.org/W2919317477","https://openalex.org/W2954663093","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2962819541","https://openalex.org/W2963000559","https://openalex.org/W2963289251","https://openalex.org/W2963438548","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963637710","https://openalex.org/W2963734522","https://openalex.org/W2963826681","https://openalex.org/W2963977416","https://openalex.org/W2964002510","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2982041213","https://openalex.org/W2983188006","https://openalex.org/W2991522752","https://openalex.org/W2998508940","https://openalex.org/W3012336324","https://openalex.org/W3012519163","https://openalex.org/W3018207438","https://openalex.org/W3028052296","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6637618735","https://openalex.org/W6668745715","https://openalex.org/W6694260854","https://openalex.org/W6738824914","https://openalex.org/W6745799943","https://openalex.org/W6765339754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1487808658","https://openalex.org/W3119773509","https://openalex.org/W3208297503","https://openalex.org/W2889153461","https://openalex.org/W2964117661","https://openalex.org/W4388405611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicle":[0],"reidentification,":[1],"aiming":[2],"at":[3],"identifying":[4],"vehicles":[5],"across":[6],"images,":[7],"has":[8,15,156,198],"drawn":[9],"a":[10,26,58,73,152,157],"lot":[11],"of":[12,42,50,119,182,201,210],"attention":[13],"and":[14,52,100,176,195,205,221,229,233],"made":[16],"significant":[17],"achievements":[18],"in":[19,114,142],"recent":[20],"years.":[21],"However,":[22],"vehicle":[23,81],"reidentification":[24,43],"remains":[25],"challenging":[27],"task":[28],"caused":[29],"by":[30,47,192],"severe":[31],"appearance":[32],"changes":[33],"due":[34],"to":[35,64,71,160],"different":[36],"orientations.":[37],"In":[38,135],"practice,":[39],"the":[40,48,66,107,112,116,143,147,161,167,180,188,199,202,208,211,219],"result":[41],"is":[44,70,77,111,140,178],"greatly":[45],"influenced":[46],"pose":[49,59,67,88,102,212],"vehicles,":[51],"we":[53,86,124,150],"call":[54],"this":[55,84],"influence":[56,209],"as":[57,129,131],"barrier":[60,68,213],"problem.":[61,214],"One":[62],"way":[63],"address":[65],"problem":[69],"train":[72],"feature":[74],"representation":[75],"that":[76,92,179,227,234],"invariant":[78],"for":[79],"various":[80],"poses.":[82],"To":[83],"end,":[85],"present":[87],"robust":[89],"features":[90,98,104,204],"(PRFs)":[91],"contains":[93],"two":[94,203],"components:":[95],"1)":[96],"pose-invariant":[97],"(PIFs)":[99],"2)":[101],"discriminative":[103],"(PDFs).":[105],"On":[106,146],"one":[108],"hand,":[109,149],"PIF":[110,144,162,177,194,228],"expert":[113],"exploring":[115],"overall":[117],"characteristic":[118],"vehicles.":[120],"When":[121],"training":[122,183],"PIF,":[123],"adopt":[125],"an":[126,132,137],"identity":[127],"classifier":[128],"well":[130],"orientation":[133],"classifier.":[134],"addition,":[136],"adversarial":[138,189],"loss":[139],"deployed":[141],"network.":[145],"other":[148],"design":[151],"PDF":[153,175,184,230],"network,":[154],"which":[155],"similar":[158],"architecture":[159],"network":[163,181],"but":[164],"can":[165,206],"distinguish":[166],"difference":[168,173],"between":[169,174],"local":[170],"details.":[171],"The":[172],"does":[185],"not":[186],"apply":[187],"loss.":[190],"Finally,":[191],"combining":[193],"PDF,":[196],"PRF":[197,235],"advantages":[200],"alleviate":[207],"Experiments":[215],"are":[216,231],"conducted":[217],"on":[218],"VeRi-776":[220],"VehicleID":[222],"data":[223],"sets.":[224],"We":[225],"show":[226],"complementary":[232],"produces":[236],"competitive":[237],"performance":[238],"compared":[239],"with":[240],"state-of-the-art":[241],"approaches.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}