{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016459522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3013949","title":"Dissecting Energy Consumption of NB-IoT Devices Empirically","display_name":"Dissecting Energy Consumption of NB-IoT Devices Empirically","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016459522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3013949","mag":"3016459522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3013949","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3013949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07127","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026746400","display_name":"Foivos Michelinakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7794-7479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153474","display_name":"Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04xtarr15","country_code":"NO","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184531372","https://openalex.org/I2799829267","https://openalex.org/I4210153474"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Foivos Michelinakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7794-7479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068530382","display_name":"Anas Saeed Al-Selwi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153474","display_name":"Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04xtarr15","country_code":"NO","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184531372","https://openalex.org/I2799829267","https://openalex.org/I4210153474"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anas Saeed Al-Selwi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057270179","display_name":"Martina Capuzzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8374-490X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martina Capuzzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, University of Padova, Padua, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8374-490X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, University of Padova, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008187510","display_name":"Andr\u00e9a Zanella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3671-5190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Zanella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, University of Padova, Padua, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3671-5190","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, University of Padova, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009208163","display_name":"Kashif Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9506-109X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800413675","display_name":"Telenor (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/02jsp2z03","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800413675"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kashif Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telenor Research, Fornebu, Norway","Telenor Research,Fornebu,Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telenor Research, Fornebu, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800413675"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telenor Research,Fornebu,Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800413675"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071820821","display_name":"Ahmed Elmokashfi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9964-214X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153474","display_name":"Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04xtarr15","country_code":"NO","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184531372","https://openalex.org/I2799829267","https://openalex.org/I4210153474"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Elmokashfi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9964-214X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153474"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0814,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37374199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"1224","last_page":"1242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7731536626815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.7406840920448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5390187501907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.5213605165481567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5051129460334778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5036596655845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","score":0.46186405420303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4504863917827606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12282878160476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1149047315120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10668495297431946}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7731536626815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.7406840920448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5390187501907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.5213605165481567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5051129460334778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5036596655845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.46186405420303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4504863917827606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12282878160476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1149047315120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10668495297431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3013949","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3013949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2004.07127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.07127","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07127","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3016459522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07127.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2004.07127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2004.07127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2004.07127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.07127","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07127","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6587496138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"815279","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034321831","https://openalex.org/W2549923868","https://openalex.org/W2596621252","https://openalex.org/W2597831797","https://openalex.org/W2605111905","https://openalex.org/W2610131823","https://openalex.org/W2753726927","https://openalex.org/W2781583119","https://openalex.org/W2794826394","https://openalex.org/W2874971053","https://openalex.org/W2883825880","https://openalex.org/W2893265154","https://openalex.org/W2906808557","https://openalex.org/W2909600074","https://openalex.org/W2918970469","https://openalex.org/W2922132264","https://openalex.org/W2963493444","https://openalex.org/W2964036708","https://openalex.org/W2966681919","https://openalex.org/W3091923493","https://openalex.org/W3104912275","https://openalex.org/W3210131353","https://openalex.org/W6749833701","https://openalex.org/W6752843490"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3048305439","https://openalex.org/W2921450144","https://openalex.org/W3011522218","https://openalex.org/W3008470553","https://openalex.org/W2793032292","https://openalex.org/W2785835461","https://openalex.org/W3144756205","https://openalex.org/W2912847842","https://openalex.org/W3003503324","https://openalex.org/W3202375437","https://openalex.org/W3144502021","https://openalex.org/W3126837713","https://openalex.org/W2597441875","https://openalex.org/W2953953553","https://openalex.org/W2184783678","https://openalex.org/W2974127863","https://openalex.org/W2182792986","https://openalex.org/W2906859969","https://openalex.org/W1768994003","https://openalex.org/W2188164759"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3GPP":[0],"has":[1],"recently":[2],"introduced":[3],"NB-IoT,":[4],"a":[5,11,39,154],"new":[6],"mobile":[7],"communication":[8],"standard":[9,108],"offering":[10],"robust":[12],"and":[13,67,130,160],"energy-efficient":[14],"connectivity":[15],"option":[16],"to":[17,36,70,78,134,152,229],"the":[18,23,56,73,106,140,181,189,202,230],"rapidly":[19],"expanding":[20],"market":[21],"of":[22,47,60,75,117,157,163],"Internet-of-Things":[24],"(IoT)":[25],"devices.":[26,119],"To":[27],"unleash":[28],"its":[29],"full":[30],"potential,":[31],"end":[32],"devices":[33,66],"are":[34],"expected":[35],"work":[37],"in":[38,139,184,207],"plug-and-play":[40],"fashion,":[41],"with":[42,63,146],"zero":[43],"or":[44],"minimal":[45],"configuration":[46,93],"parameters,":[48],"still":[49],"exhibiting":[50],"excellent":[51],"energy":[52,79,89,158,175,205,237],"efficiency.":[53],"We":[54,96,144,172],"performed":[55],"most":[57],"comprehensive":[58],"set":[59,187],"empirical":[61],"measurements":[62],"commercial":[64],"IoT":[65],"different":[68,169],"operators":[69,151,195],"date,":[71],"quantifying":[72],"impact":[74,88],"several":[76],"parameters":[77],"consumption.":[80],"Our":[81,223],"findings":[82],"prove":[83],"that":[84,174,226],"parameters'":[85,232],"settings":[86,233],"do":[87],"consumption,":[90],"so":[91],"proper":[92],"is":[94,177,220],"necessary.":[95],"shed":[97],"light":[98],"on":[99],"this":[100],"aspect":[101],"by":[102,180,188,211,215],"first":[103],"illustrating":[104],"how":[105],"nominal":[107],"operational":[109],"modes":[110],"map":[111],"into":[112],"real":[113],"current":[114,141],"consumption":[115,159,176,206],"patterns":[116],"NB-IoT":[118,166],"Furthermore,":[120,200],"we":[121],"investigated":[122],"which":[123],"device-reported":[124],"metadata":[125],"metrics":[126],"better":[127],"reflected":[128],"performance":[129,162],"implemented":[131],"an":[132],"algorithm":[133],"automatically":[135],"identify":[136],"device":[137],"state":[138],"time-series":[142],"logs.":[143],"worked":[145],"two":[147,164],"major":[148],"western":[149],"European":[150],"provide":[153],"measurement-driven":[155],"analysis":[156],"network":[161],"popular":[165],"boards":[167],"under":[168,201],"parameter":[170],"configurations.":[171],"observed":[173],"mostly":[178],"affected":[179,210],"paging":[182],"interval":[183],"connected":[185],"state,":[186],"base":[190],"station.":[191],"However,":[192],"not":[193,208],"all":[194],"correctly":[196],"implement":[197],"such":[198],"settings.":[199],"default":[203,231],"configuration,":[204],"strongly":[209],"packet":[212],"size":[213],"nor":[214],"signal":[216],"quality,":[217],"unless":[218],"it":[219],"extremely":[221],"bad.":[222],"observations":[224],"indicate":[225],"simple":[227],"modifications":[228],"can":[234],"yield":[235],"great":[236],"savings.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
