{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3042029390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3007662","title":"Realizing the Heterogeneity: A Self-Organized Federated Learning Framework for IoT","display_name":"Realizing the Heterogeneity: A Self-Organized Federated Learning Framework for IoT","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3042029390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3007662","mag":"3042029390"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3007662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3007662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003849291","display_name":"Junjie Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-5582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School and the College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-5582","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School and the College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022374886","display_name":"Yan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7775-4597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172980758","display_name":"Kennesaw State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jeqjx33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172980758"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Software Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Software Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172980758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101904558","display_name":"Zhenzhen Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8907-2064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenzhen Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012682887","display_name":"Qilong Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5185-8387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qilong Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5185-8387","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072627238","display_name":"Zhipeng Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6017-975X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181565077","display_name":"Georgia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qt6ba18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhipeng Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6017-975X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.0396,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":187,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9938107,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"5","first_page":"3088","last_page":"3098"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8850632905960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.6950777769088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.5995519757270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5967287421226501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5602162480354309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.4888250231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.4342670440673828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3916195034980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.304848849773407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27714216709136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.2646386921405792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.25190460681915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.18502464890480042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8850632905960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.6950777769088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.5995519757270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5967287421226501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5602162480354309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.4888250231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.4342670440673828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3916195034980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.304848849773407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27714216709136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2646386921405792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.25190460681915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.18502464890480042}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3007662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3007662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu:facpubs-6130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/facpubs/4974","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196456","display_name":"DigitalCommons - Kennesaw State University (Kennesaw State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172980758","host_organization_name":"Kennesaw State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172980758"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu:facpubs-6791","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/facpubs/5635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196456","display_name":"DigitalCommons - Kennesaw State University (Kennesaw State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172980758","host_organization_name":"Kennesaw State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172980758"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Articles","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009332171","https://openalex.org/W2126143263","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2168652763","https://openalex.org/W2173248099","https://openalex.org/W2540757487","https://openalex.org/W2541884796","https://openalex.org/W2609280828","https://openalex.org/W2743999154","https://openalex.org/W2770587725","https://openalex.org/W2787114603","https://openalex.org/W2805326024","https://openalex.org/W2887985735","https://openalex.org/W2889634868","https://openalex.org/W2896195996","https://openalex.org/W2898455119","https://openalex.org/W2912592113","https://openalex.org/W2913495876","https://openalex.org/W2916395429","https://openalex.org/W2936436865","https://openalex.org/W2942571707","https://openalex.org/W2943481347","https://openalex.org/W2945326979","https://openalex.org/W2962688627","https://openalex.org/W2963282369","https://openalex.org/W2964248614","https://openalex.org/W2966622305","https://openalex.org/W2972882814","https://openalex.org/W2978422189","https://openalex.org/W2980713544","https://openalex.org/W2982407593","https://openalex.org/W2985145906","https://openalex.org/W2996752431","https://openalex.org/W2996860127","https://openalex.org/W3005429940","https://openalex.org/W3007916105","https://openalex.org/W3010579679","https://openalex.org/W3018761215","https://openalex.org/W3021026170","https://openalex.org/W3034844983","https://openalex.org/W3095611529","https://openalex.org/W3101357614","https://openalex.org/W4288595887","https://openalex.org/W4289258088","https://openalex.org/W4289548211","https://openalex.org/W4318619660","https://openalex.org/W6684732952","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6748561909","https://openalex.org/W6754939487","https://openalex.org/W6758757267","https://openalex.org/W6759812495","https://openalex.org/W6762519339"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2187546663","https://openalex.org/W148745890","https://openalex.org/W2899790217","https://openalex.org/W2429057255","https://openalex.org/W1576092969","https://openalex.org/W4315621326","https://openalex.org/W2598865957","https://openalex.org/W2524154428","https://openalex.org/W2959940981","https://openalex.org/W1522590096"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,83,200],"ubiquity":[1],"of":[2,6,80,107,110,116,119,141,157,169,195,216],"devices":[3],"in":[4,32,177],"Internet":[5],"Things":[7],"(IoT)":[8],"has":[9],"opened":[10],"up":[11],"a":[12,51,64,77,131,193],"large":[13,78],"source":[14],"for":[15,155],"IoT":[16,24],"data.":[17,82,124],"Machine":[18],"learning":[19,60,133],"(ML)":[20],"models":[21,44],"with":[22,121,138,197],"big":[23],"data":[25,49,98,206],"is":[26,144],"beneficial":[27],"to":[28,68,112,127],"our":[29],"daily":[30],"life":[31],"monitoring":[33],"air":[34],"condition,":[35],"pollution,":[36],"climate":[37],"change,":[38],"etc.":[39],"However,":[40],"centralized":[41],"conventional":[42],"ML":[43],"rely":[45],"on":[46,76,181,203],"all":[47,96],"clients'":[48,97,187],"at":[50],"central":[52,136,164],"server,":[53],"which":[54,146],"seriously":[55],"threatens":[56],"user":[57,70],"privacy.":[58],"Federated":[59],"(FL)":[61],"emerges":[62],"as":[63,93],"promising":[65],"solution":[66],"aiming":[67],"protect":[69],"privacy":[71],"by":[72,172],"enabling":[73],"model":[74],"training":[75],"corpus":[79],"decentralized":[81],"recent":[84],"studies":[85],"indicate":[86],"FL":[87,102,163],"suffers":[88],"from":[89],"the":[90,105,108,114,117,139,150,167,174,213,217],"heterogeneity":[91,143,210],"issue":[92],"it":[94,191],"treats":[95],"equally,":[99],"that":[100],"is,":[101],"might":[103],"sacrifice":[104],"performance":[106,115,154,215],"majority":[109,156],"clients":[111,120,179,196],"accommodate":[113],"minority":[118],"low":[122],"usability":[123],"In":[125],"order":[126],"overcome":[128],"this":[129],"issue,":[130],"reinforcement":[132],"(RL)-based":[134],"intelligent":[135],"server":[137,165],"capability":[140],"recognizing":[142],"implemented,":[145],"can":[147],"help":[148],"lead":[149],"trend":[151],"toward":[152],"better":[153],"clients.":[158],"To":[159],"be":[160],"specific,":[161],"an":[162],"analyses":[166],"benefits":[168],"different":[170],"collaboration":[171],"capturing":[173],"intricate":[175],"patterns":[176],"heterogeneous":[178],"based":[180],"rating":[182],"feedback":[183],"and":[184],"then":[185],"updates":[186],"weights":[188],"iteratively,":[189],"until":[190],"establishes":[192],"coalition":[194],"quasioptimal":[198],"performance.":[199],"experimental":[201],"results":[202],"three":[204],"real":[205],"sets":[207],"under":[208],"various":[209],"levels":[211],"demonstrate":[212],"superior":[214],"proposed":[218],"solution.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}