{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3022894170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2991753","title":"On Dynamic Service Function Chain Reconfiguration in IoT Networks","display_name":"On Dynamic Service Function Chain Reconfiguration in IoT Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3022894170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2991753","mag":"3022894170"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.2991753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2991753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101497719","display_name":"Yicen Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183006215","display_name":"Shijiazhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/028rmam09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183006215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yicen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7720-6854","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363","https://openalex.org/I183006215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036383921","display_name":"Yu Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7903-1085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183006215","display_name":"Shijiazhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/028rmam09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183006215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7903-1085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363","https://openalex.org/I183006215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100407725","display_name":"Xi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-0805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183006215","display_name":"Shijiazhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/028rmam09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183006215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363","https://openalex.org/I183006215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012037397","display_name":"Zhigang Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8993-2805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183006215","display_name":"Shijiazhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/028rmam09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183006215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhigang Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363","https://openalex.org/I183006215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101904578","display_name":"Donghao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9937-6936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183006215","display_name":"Shijiazhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/028rmam09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183006215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donghao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363","https://openalex.org/I183006215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101497719"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183006215","https://openalex.org/I4210163363"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5609,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93076849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"11","first_page":"10969","last_page":"10984"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8395440578460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-reconfiguration","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","score":0.6930094957351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5390362739562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5303193926811218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provisioning","display_name":"Provisioning","score":0.519180178642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5109192728996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.4747094213962555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4526316225528717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.42754656076431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.1627601981163025}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8395440578460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.6930094957351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5390362739562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5303193926811218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.519180178642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5109192728996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.4747094213962555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4526316225528717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.42754656076431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.1627601981163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.2991753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2991753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2289129613","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61602505","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322678","funder_display_name":"National Youth Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4597402140","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61271152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322678","display_name":"National Youth Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593014412","https://openalex.org/W1605708511","https://openalex.org/W2024620048","https://openalex.org/W2077671246","https://openalex.org/W2109821166","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2139399748","https://openalex.org/W2155659292","https://openalex.org/W2168936382","https://openalex.org/W2210790443","https://openalex.org/W2260783129","https://openalex.org/W2271840356","https://openalex.org/W2505996103","https://openalex.org/W2506822277","https://openalex.org/W2508473194","https://openalex.org/W2538104838","https://openalex.org/W2586630827","https://openalex.org/W2591732478","https://openalex.org/W2599200025","https://openalex.org/W2615459164","https://openalex.org/W2623646697","https://openalex.org/W2641990852","https://openalex.org/W2770424304","https://openalex.org/W2791512297","https://openalex.org/W2891808071","https://openalex.org/W2892214318","https://openalex.org/W2911562155","https://openalex.org/W2912715275","https://openalex.org/W2917628363","https://openalex.org/W2962948535","https://openalex.org/W2979651171","https://openalex.org/W2980466635","https://openalex.org/W2981309377"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981002473","https://openalex.org/W2357657342","https://openalex.org/W2153432761","https://openalex.org/W2152623100","https://openalex.org/W4214878056","https://openalex.org/W1580144672","https://openalex.org/W2142042635","https://openalex.org/W1988127757","https://openalex.org/W1939996075","https://openalex.org/W2118113972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"function":[1,31],"virtualization":[2],"(NFV)":[3],"technology":[4],"continues":[5],"to":[6,43,73,84,92,150,173],"gain":[7],"more":[8,66,68],"attention":[9],"as":[10],"a":[11,29,36,62,124,144,199],"paradigm":[12],"shift,":[13],"and":[14,21,67,79,87,101,138,202,213],"telecommunication":[15,76],"services":[16,77],"can":[17,25,187],"be":[18,26,44,85],"flexibly":[19],"deployed":[20],"managed.":[22],"Any":[23],"service":[24,30,94,106,219],"represented":[27],"by":[28,134],"chain":[32],"(SFC)":[33],"that":[34],"is":[35,132],"set":[37],"of":[38,170,191,209],"virtual":[39],"network":[40],"functions":[41],"(VNFs)":[42],"executed":[45],"based":[46],"on":[47],"the":[48,56,93,114,121,136,160,178,189,192,204,210,214],"strict":[49],"order.":[50],"The":[51],"NFV-enabled":[52],"SFCs":[53,81],"applied":[54],"in":[55,120,207],"future":[57],"Internet-of-Things":[58],"(IoT)":[59],"networks":[60],"emerge":[61],"challenging":[63],"problem,":[64],"particularly":[65],"IoT":[69,122,130],"devices":[70],"are":[71,82],"trying":[72],"access":[74],"their":[75],"whenever":[78],"wherever,":[80],"needed":[83],"dynamically":[86],"adaptively":[88],"reconfigured,":[89],"thus":[90],"adapting":[91],"requests'":[95],"dynamics":[96],"for":[97,104],"lower":[98],"resource":[99,139,215],"consumption":[100],"higher":[102],"revenue":[103],"Internet":[105],"providers":[107],"(ISPs).":[108],"In":[109],"this":[110,152],"article,":[111],"we":[112],"study":[113],"SFC":[115,184],"dynamic":[116],"reconfiguration":[117,185,211],"problem":[118],"(SFC-DRP)":[119],"networks,":[123],"discrete-time":[125],"Markov":[126],"decision":[127],"process":[128],"(DTMDP)-based":[129],"SFC-DRP":[131],"formulated":[133],"guaranteeing":[135],"QoS":[137],"constraints.":[140],"We":[141],"subsequently":[142],"propose":[143],"novel":[145],"deep":[146],"Dyna-Q":[147],"(DDQ)":[148],"approach":[149],"solve":[151],"model.":[153],"Our":[154],"proposal":[155],"has":[156],"been":[157],"evaluated":[158],"with":[159],"obtained":[161,175],"results":[162],"demonstrating":[163],"an":[164],"average":[165],"CPU":[166],"root-mean-square":[167],"error":[168],"(RMSE)":[169],"0.17,":[171],"compared":[172],"0.75":[174],"while":[176],"using":[177],"original":[179],"approach.":[180],"Moreover,":[181],"our":[182],"proposed":[183],"technique":[186],"approximate":[188],"performance":[190],"integer":[193],"linear":[194],"programming":[195],"(ILP)":[196],"model":[197],"within":[198],"polynomial":[200],"time,":[201],"outperform":[203],"existing":[205],"benchmarks":[206],"terms":[208],"overhead":[212],"utilization":[216],"ratio":[217],"from":[218],"provisioning,":[220],"respectively.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}