{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3014007418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2983278","title":"Lightweight and Unobtrusive Data Obfuscation at IoT Edge for Remote Inference","display_name":"Lightweight and Unobtrusive Data Obfuscation at IoT Edge for Remote Inference","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3014007418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2983278","mag":"3014007418"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.2983278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2983278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082357838","display_name":"Dixing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5128-5574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dixing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5128-5574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016563707","display_name":"Mengyao Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengyao Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Department of Mathematical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048918787","display_name":"Linshan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8501-9488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linshan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074511454","display_name":"Chaojie Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2153-811X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaojie Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040651615","display_name":"Rui Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8441-9973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8441-9973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051951845","display_name":"Peng Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4221-2162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4221-2162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.815,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92201034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"10","first_page":"9540","last_page":"9551"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8673707246780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.8632504940032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.702646017074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.6992542147636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.6667777895927429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.6455444097518921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5923479199409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.49282172322273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.45329752564430237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3942340016365051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.323326051235199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24949800968170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08831408619880676}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8673707246780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.8632504940032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.702646017074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.6992542147636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.6667777895927429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.6455444097518921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5923479199409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.49282172322273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45329752564430237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3942340016365051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.323326051235199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24949800968170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08831408619880676}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.2983278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2983278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/171730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/171730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1460833335","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u667a\u6167\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7f51\u7edc\u4f53\u7cfb\u67b6\u6784\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u9a8c\u8bc1","funder_award_id":"61533015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3883416204","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61761136012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6908809","https://openalex.org/W133884053","https://openalex.org/W1568804695","https://openalex.org/W1570464786","https://openalex.org/W1873763122","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W1993116423","https://openalex.org/W2053637704","https://openalex.org/W2123820077","https://openalex.org/W2129428954","https://openalex.org/W2140596092","https://openalex.org/W2151789982","https://openalex.org/W2164278908","https://openalex.org/W2166706236","https://openalex.org/W2168231600","https://openalex.org/W2416799949","https://openalex.org/W2435473771","https://openalex.org/W2541884796","https://openalex.org/W2788495578","https://openalex.org/W2789438775","https://openalex.org/W2809414288","https://openalex.org/W2911978475","https://openalex.org/W2914583895","https://openalex.org/W2960833983","https://openalex.org/W2962859574","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2973362505","https://openalex.org/W3099785009","https://openalex.org/W3102330763","https://openalex.org/W3104022884","https://openalex.org/W3106076771","https://openalex.org/W4248649186","https://openalex.org/W4292363360","https://openalex.org/W4318619660","https://openalex.org/W6605489568","https://openalex.org/W6634045692","https://openalex.org/W6684249991","https://openalex.org/W6684859321"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4324372666","https://openalex.org/W4225706866","https://openalex.org/W2914646191","https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4238233472","https://openalex.org/W4313339048","https://openalex.org/W3162668736","https://openalex.org/W3013760193","https://openalex.org/W3023564924","https://openalex.org/W2942586735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Executing":[0],"deep":[1],"neural":[2,48,105],"networks":[3],"for":[4],"inference":[5,47,54,63,85,156,162],"on":[6,13],"the":[7,14,18,21,30,35,39,43,46,59,62,67,71,84,88,96,112,148,151,155],"server-class":[8],"or":[9],"cloud":[10],"backend":[11],"based":[12],"data":[15,64,86,157],"generated":[16],"at":[17,87],"edge":[19,36,68,89,97,113],"of":[20,23,34,45,61,130,150,154],"Internet":[22],"Things":[24],"is":[25,92,108,122],"desirable":[26],"due":[27],"primarily":[28],"to":[29,41,70,82,101,118],"limited":[31],"compute":[32],"power":[33],"devices":[37,69],"and":[38,79,137],"need":[40,117],"protect":[42],"confidentiality":[44,149],"networks.":[49],"However,":[50],"such":[51],"a":[52,77,103],"remote":[53],"scheme":[55],"incurs":[56],"concerns":[57],"regarding":[58],"privacy":[60],"transmitted":[65],"by":[66,126],"curious":[72],"backend.":[73],"This":[74],"article":[75],"presents":[76],"lightweight":[78,93],"unobtrusive":[80,109],"approach":[81,145],"obfuscate":[83],"devices.":[90],"It":[91],"in":[94,110],"that":[95,111,143],"device":[98,114],"only":[99],"needs":[100],"execute":[102],"small-scale":[104],"network;":[106],"it":[107],"does":[115],"not":[116],"indicate":[119],"whether":[120],"obfuscation":[121],"applied.":[123],"Extensive":[124],"evaluation":[125],"three":[127],"case":[128],"studies":[129],"free-spoken":[131],"digit":[132,135],"recognition,":[133,136],"handwritten":[134],"American":[138],"sign":[139],"language":[140],"recognition":[141],"shows":[142],"our":[144],"effectively":[146,159],"protects":[147],"raw":[152],"forms":[153],"while":[158],"preserving":[160],"backend's":[161],"accuracy.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}