{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3012350559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2982067","title":"Distributed Error Correction Coding Scheme for Low Storage Blockchain Systems","display_name":"Distributed Error Correction Coding Scheme for Low Storage Blockchain Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3012350559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2982067","mag":"3012350559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.2982067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2982067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005409439","display_name":"Huihui Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1097-3792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huihui Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1097-3792","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088515682","display_name":"Alexei Ashikhmin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7016-1614"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexei Ashikhmin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications and Statistical Sciences Research Department, Nokia Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications and Statistical Sciences Research Department, Nokia Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100382658","display_name":"Xiaodong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2945-9240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2945-9240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100424917","display_name":"Chong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7097-4220"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nakamoto & Turing Labs, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7097-4220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nakamoto & Turing Labs, New York, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112607459","display_name":"Sichao Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sichao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nakamoto & Turing Labs, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nakamoto & Turing Labs, New York, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075816408","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-3849"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nakamoto & Turing Labs, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nakamoto & Turing Labs, New York, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.286,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97081421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"8","first_page":"7054","last_page":"7071"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7875676155090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5968338847160339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.5308517217636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5011582374572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-network-coding","display_name":"Linear network coding","score":0.481682151556015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.477899432182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4766343832015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcasting","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","score":0.46816229820251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4679511785507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4530564844608307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.42320868372917175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4206653833389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4199824333190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.4194403290748596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41854652762413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3871360719203949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.3835305869579315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.35333558917045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15814155340194702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.14246195554733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.0831117331981659}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7875676155090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5968338847160339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.5308517217636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5011582374572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138293262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089578","display_name":"Linear network coding","level":3,"score":0.481682151556015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.477899432182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4766343832015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110157686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922122","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","level":2,"score":0.46816229820251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4679511785507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4530564844608307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42320868372917175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4206653833389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4199824333190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.4194403290748596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41854652762413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3871360719203949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.3835305869579315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.35333558917045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15814155340194702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.14246195554733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0831117331981659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.2982067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2982067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51177791","https://openalex.org/W628021441","https://openalex.org/W1896867467","https://openalex.org/W1964402820","https://openalex.org/W2005725110","https://openalex.org/W2015684392","https://openalex.org/W2039915451","https://openalex.org/W2043007983","https://openalex.org/W2105440003","https://openalex.org/W2109866575","https://openalex.org/W2111619626","https://openalex.org/W2115104320","https://openalex.org/W2126924915","https://openalex.org/W2127490352","https://openalex.org/W2128765501","https://openalex.org/W2143884373","https://openalex.org/W2392113277","https://openalex.org/W2517744317","https://openalex.org/W2522448907","https://openalex.org/W2544710688","https://openalex.org/W2553854225","https://openalex.org/W2739845435","https://openalex.org/W2784523327","https://openalex.org/W2793500626","https://openalex.org/W2794417375","https://openalex.org/W2876503617","https://openalex.org/W2886331126","https://openalex.org/W2930524154","https://openalex.org/W2938977441","https://openalex.org/W2942537621","https://openalex.org/W2951586626","https://openalex.org/W2962966164","https://openalex.org/W2963647498","https://openalex.org/W2964030679","https://openalex.org/W2980357144","https://openalex.org/W3015803594","https://openalex.org/W3028607946","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4256264271","https://openalex.org/W4300188436","https://openalex.org/W4308078212","https://openalex.org/W6756131625"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2212571888","https://openalex.org/W2886165711","https://openalex.org/W2139379087","https://openalex.org/W4290996430","https://openalex.org/W2411336269","https://openalex.org/W2020805386","https://openalex.org/W2145120192","https://openalex.org/W4214672453","https://openalex.org/W2116314988","https://openalex.org/W2012215169"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,44],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,47,110,119,159,165,182],"novel":[4],"way":[5],"to":[6,24,46,63,96,104,163,175,181],"reduce":[7],"blockchain":[8],"nodes\u2019":[9],"memory":[10,52],"requirements":[11],"using":[12],"error":[13],"correcting":[14],"codes.":[15],"In":[16,113],"particular,":[17],"LDPC":[18],"codes":[19],"are":[20],"taken":[21],"as":[22,84,140,142],"examples":[23],"explicitly":[25],"demonstrate":[26],"the":[27,42,59,74,114,129,143,151,176,185],"scheme.":[28],"The":[29],"proposed":[30,60],"coding":[31,61],"scheme":[32,72,88],"encodes":[33],"data":[34],"across":[35],"multiple":[36],"blocks,":[37,83],"respectively,":[38],"block":[39,108,121,147,162],"headers,":[40],"in":[41,50,66,91],"blockchain.":[43],"leads":[45,180],"significant":[48],"reduction":[49,183],"required":[51],"at":[53],"each":[54],"node.":[55],"We":[56],"then":[57],"apply":[58],"technique":[62],"blockchains":[64],"organized":[65],"two":[67,135],"different":[68,90],"ways.":[69],"Our":[70,87,146],"first":[71],"has":[73],"same":[75],"protocol":[76,123,149],"for":[77],"mining,":[78],"broadcasting,":[79],"and":[80,124,156],"verification":[81,122,148,169],"of":[82,109,168,172,184],"Bitcoin-type":[85],"blockchains.":[86],"is":[89],"thatfull":[92],"nodesdo":[93],"not":[94],"have":[95],"store":[97,105],"all":[98],"blocks.":[99],"Instead":[100],"they":[101],"will":[102],"need":[103],"only":[106,164],"one":[107],"group":[111],"of$t$blocks.":[112],"second":[115],"scheme,":[116],"we":[117],"consider":[118],"new":[120],"an":[125],"account-based":[126],"model":[127],"under":[128],"assumption":[130],"that":[131],"transmission":[132],"between":[133],"any":[134],"nodes":[136],"can":[137],"be":[138],"established,":[139],"well":[141],"broadcast":[144],"transmission.":[145],"uses":[150],"Byzantine":[152],"fault":[153],"tolerance":[154],"algorithm":[155],"requires":[157],"sending":[158],"newly":[160],"mined":[161],"small":[166],"number":[167],"nodes,":[170],"instead":[171],"broadcasting":[173],"it":[174],"entire":[177],"network,":[178],"which":[179],"network":[186],"load.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
