{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011768388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2981379","title":"PADL: Privacy-Aware and Asynchronous Deep Learning for IoT Applications","display_name":"PADL: Privacy-Aware and Asynchronous Deep Learning for IoT Applications","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011768388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2981379","mag":"3011768388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.2981379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2981379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020335793","display_name":"Xiaoyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2625-3896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyberspace Security Research Center, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Security Research Center, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325334","display_name":"Hongwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1961-7946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyberspace Security Research Center, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Security Research Center, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046950426","display_name":"Guowen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9764-9345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guowen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyberspace Security Research Center, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Security Research Center, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358497","display_name":"Sen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2230-7671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyberspace Security Research Center, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Security Research Center, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100462347","display_name":"Zhe Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8578-2635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070447777","display_name":"Rongxing Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-0941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106938459","display_name":"University of New Brunswick","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkf0n29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongxing Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020335793"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711","https://openalex.org/I4210136793"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8442,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94468961,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"8","first_page":"6955","last_page":"6969"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8920649290084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.7325970530509949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6630803346633911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-privacy","display_name":"Differential privacy","score":0.6625109910964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5311416983604431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5201573967933655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-learning","display_name":"Asynchronous learning","score":0.5200321674346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.4734881818294525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.46663838624954224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collusion","display_name":"Collusion","score":0.4631255567073822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.4164128303527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41501784324645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3248971104621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2968785762786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.270680695772171}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8920649290084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.7325970530509949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6630803346633911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23130292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275358","display_name":"Differential privacy","level":2,"score":0.6625109910964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5311416983604431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5201573967933655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777072894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4812204","display_name":"Asynchronous learning","level":5,"score":0.5200321674346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.4734881818294525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.46663838624954224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781198186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q701521","display_name":"Collusion","level":2,"score":0.4631255567073822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.4164128303527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41501784324645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3248971104621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2968785762786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.270680695772171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19122763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662215","display_name":"Synchronous learning","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51672120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303446","display_name":"Cooperative learning","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.2981379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2981379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5043465742","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5274394607","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G528812580","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61728102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7186594515","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8056387268","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB0802300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8170696387","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB0802000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8683849773","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61472065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114517082","https://openalex.org/W1655377165","https://openalex.org/W2004939458","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2058401212","https://openalex.org/W2072641892","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2099739670","https://openalex.org/W2104170724","https://openalex.org/W2109426455","https://openalex.org/W2147096042","https://openalex.org/W2231539627","https://openalex.org/W2343785519","https://openalex.org/W2473418344","https://openalex.org/W2489023468","https://openalex.org/W2535690855","https://openalex.org/W2591882872","https://openalex.org/W2594311007","https://openalex.org/W2607113351","https://openalex.org/W2627093154","https://openalex.org/W2701059868","https://openalex.org/W2733306512","https://openalex.org/W2736380543","https://openalex.org/W2752747624","https://openalex.org/W2755650259","https://openalex.org/W2767079719","https://openalex.org/W2770587725","https://openalex.org/W2779688683","https://openalex.org/W2781091734","https://openalex.org/W2783165089","https://openalex.org/W2783190965","https://openalex.org/W2785361959","https://openalex.org/W2785446263","https://openalex.org/W2794159901","https://openalex.org/W2801332928","https://openalex.org/W2860079600","https://openalex.org/W2889349423","https://openalex.org/W2897865027","https://openalex.org/W2898040395","https://openalex.org/W2908941882","https://openalex.org/W2911912007","https://openalex.org/W2912931016","https://openalex.org/W2930926105","https://openalex.org/W2941572917","https://openalex.org/W2946769399","https://openalex.org/W2959716986","https://openalex.org/W2962763344","https://openalex.org/W2963062476","https://openalex.org/W2963327228","https://openalex.org/W2963456518","https://openalex.org/W2963540401","https://openalex.org/W2963844355","https://openalex.org/W2967985550","https://openalex.org/W2977797911","https://openalex.org/W2986305485","https://openalex.org/W2990183786","https://openalex.org/W3038028469","https://openalex.org/W3103245149","https://openalex.org/W3106059286","https://openalex.org/W4288563649","https://openalex.org/W6761941244","https://openalex.org/W6763736615"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009938035","https://openalex.org/W3143020802","https://openalex.org/W1491837399","https://openalex.org/W3122232980","https://openalex.org/W2272761499","https://openalex.org/W2363272970","https://openalex.org/W2120306875","https://openalex.org/W1699588379","https://openalex.org/W3143060468","https://openalex.org/W4391095118"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,12,35,73,107,132],"promising":[2],"data-driven":[3],"technology,":[4],"deep":[5,77,89],"learning":[6,78],"has":[7],"been":[8,41],"widely":[9],"employed":[10],"in":[11,46,55,225],"variety":[13],"of":[14,31,97,117,135,154,164,227],"Internet-of-Things":[15],"(IoT)":[16],"applications.":[17],"Examples":[18],"include":[19],"automated":[20],"navigation,":[21],"telemedicine,":[22],"and":[23,44,58,67,75,139,152,229],"smart":[24],"home.":[25],"To":[26],"protect":[27],"the":[28,65,95,115,118,128,136,150,161,168,189,219,222],"data":[29,83,99,212],"privacy":[30,141,153],"deep-learning-based":[32],"IoT":[33,70],"applications,":[34],"few":[36],"privacy-preserving":[37],"approaches":[38],"have":[39],"also":[40],"exploited,":[42],"designed,":[43],"implemented":[45],"various":[47],"scenarios.":[48],"However,":[49],"state-of-the-art":[50],"works":[51],"are":[52],"still":[53],"defective":[54],"accuracy,":[56],"efficiency,":[57],"functionality.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"article,":[62],"we":[63,104,126,171],"propose":[64,172],"privacy-aware":[66,74],"asynchronous":[68,76,175],"deep-learning-assisted":[69],"applications":[71],"(PADL),":[72],"framework":[79],"that":[80,188,218],"enables":[81],"multiple":[82],"collecting":[84],"sites":[85],"to":[86,100,113,145,158,179,193],"collaboratively":[87],"train":[88],"neural":[90],"networks":[91],"(DNNs),":[92],"while":[93,202],"keeping":[94],"confidentiality":[96],"private":[98],"each":[101,123],"other.":[102],"Specifically,":[103],"first":[105,169],"design":[106],"layerwise":[108],"importance":[109,116],"propagation":[110],"(LIP)":[111],"algorithm":[112,138],"quantify":[114],"model's":[119],"weights":[120],"held":[121],"by":[122],"site.":[124],"Then,":[125],"present":[127],"customized":[129],"perturbation":[130],"mechanism,":[131,142],"precise":[133],"combination":[134],"LIP":[137],"differential":[140],"which":[143],"helps":[144],"make":[146],"optimal":[147],"tradeoffs":[148],"between":[149],"availability":[151],"local":[155],"models.":[156],"Furthermore,":[157],"fully":[159],"use":[160],"computing":[162],"resources":[163],"all":[165],"sites,":[166],"for":[167],"time,":[170],"an":[173],"advanced":[174],"optimization":[176],"(AAO)":[177],"protocol":[178],"perform":[180],"global":[181],"updates":[182],"without":[183],"waiting.":[184],"Theoretical":[185],"analysis":[186],"shows":[187],"PADL":[190,220],"is":[191],"robust":[192],"extreme":[194],"collusion":[195],"even":[196],"with":[197],"only":[198],"one":[199],"reliable":[200],"site":[201],"supporting":[203],"lock-free":[204],"optimization.":[205],"Finally,":[206],"extensive":[207],"experiments":[208],"conducted":[209],"on":[210],"real-world":[211],"sets":[213],"using":[214],"TensorFlow":[215],"library":[216],"show":[217],"outperforms":[221],"existing":[223],"systems":[224],"terms":[226],"efficiency":[228],"prediction":[230],"accuracy.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}