{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3006775393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2974429","title":"PHY/MAC Uplink Performance of LoRa Class A Networks","display_name":"PHY/MAC Uplink Performance of LoRa Class A Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3006775393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2974429","mag":"3006775393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.2974429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2974429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031118809","display_name":"Ant\u00f3nio Furtado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4149-9656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Furtado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4149-9656","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023194585","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Pacheco","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joao Pacheco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Engenharia Electrot\u00e9cnica e de Computadores, Faculdade de Ci??ncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Engenharia Electrot\u00e9cnica e de Computadores, Faculdade de Ci??ncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066758733","display_name":"Rodolfo Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-8438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodolfo Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Engenharia Electrot\u00e9cnica e de Computadores, Faculdade de Ci??ncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal","Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-8438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Engenharia Electrot\u00e9cnica e de Computadores, Faculdade de Ci??ncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.034,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86660653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"7","first_page":"6528","last_page":"6538"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8630667924880981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phy","display_name":"PHY","score":0.845922589302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6726744771003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6665999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.6367268562316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.5418892502784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.5266230702400208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5251467227935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capture-effect","display_name":"Capture effect","score":0.49371322989463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.4432528018951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.37166276574134827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.33683615922927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3252362608909607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.2800453305244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18802690505981445}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8630667924880981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41918916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"PHY","level":4,"score":0.845922589302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6726744771003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6665999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.6367268562316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.5418892502784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.5266230702400208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5251467227935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187077762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5036976","display_name":"Capture effect","level":4,"score":0.49371322989463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.4432528018951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.37166276574134827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.33683615922927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3252362608909607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.2800453305244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18802690505981445}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.2974429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2974429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3198375436","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01-0145- FEDER-030433","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6679443276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UID/EEA/50008/2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8157046107","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-0307095 - PTDC/EEITEL/ 30709/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517583229","https://openalex.org/W1972485395","https://openalex.org/W2102591969","https://openalex.org/W2118584739","https://openalex.org/W2125117356","https://openalex.org/W2143303845","https://openalex.org/W2156010446","https://openalex.org/W2328724333","https://openalex.org/W2525332113","https://openalex.org/W2537187694","https://openalex.org/W2560463884","https://openalex.org/W2620187266","https://openalex.org/W2711252594","https://openalex.org/W2744263726","https://openalex.org/W2755638465","https://openalex.org/W2756782458","https://openalex.org/W2766513146","https://openalex.org/W2785758706","https://openalex.org/W2785908240","https://openalex.org/W2786945748","https://openalex.org/W2787600970","https://openalex.org/W2791233940","https://openalex.org/W2792195154","https://openalex.org/W2795517850","https://openalex.org/W2797950432","https://openalex.org/W2801448029","https://openalex.org/W2809209059","https://openalex.org/W2883067451","https://openalex.org/W2884228260","https://openalex.org/W2887143404","https://openalex.org/W2894344029","https://openalex.org/W2896332706","https://openalex.org/W2896912660","https://openalex.org/W2907829160","https://openalex.org/W2908628946","https://openalex.org/W2912336272","https://openalex.org/W2913709008","https://openalex.org/W2961291299","https://openalex.org/W2962691290","https://openalex.org/W2964281967","https://openalex.org/W2982353875","https://openalex.org/W3105311241","https://openalex.org/W3105509876","https://openalex.org/W4300092438","https://openalex.org/W6740014954"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2994999158","https://openalex.org/W2945523224","https://openalex.org/W4313639042","https://openalex.org/W2444418218","https://openalex.org/W4241709719","https://openalex.org/W1488909492","https://openalex.org/W2727597159","https://openalex.org/W2103723486","https://openalex.org/W4234133302","https://openalex.org/W2111773294"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"low-power":[1],"wide-area":[2],"networks":[3,27],"(LPWANs)":[4],"have":[5],"attracted":[6],"great":[7],"interest":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10,19,214,226,241],"the":[11,20,48,74,81,86,89,93,103,115,119,136,157,166,169,196,204,215,222,235],"need":[12],"of":[13,23,36,50,76,88,95,118,138,168,188,199],"connecting":[14],"more":[15,17],"and":[16,59,149,165,182],"devices":[18,38,142],"so-called":[21],"Internet":[22],"Things":[24],"(IoT).":[25],"LoRa":[26,124,139,201,230],"are":[28,64,143,160],"LPWANs":[29],"that":[30,72,99,114,234],"allow":[31],"a":[32,209],"long-range":[33],"radio":[34],"connection":[35],"multiple":[37,78,97],"operating":[39,131],"in":[40,246],"nonlicensed":[41],"bands.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44,189],"article,":[45],"we":[46,84,232],"characterize":[47,85],"performance":[49,87,109,245],"LoRa's":[51,243],"uplink":[52],"communications":[53],"where":[54,135],"both":[55],"physical":[56],"layer":[57,91],"(PHY)":[58],"medium":[60],"access":[61],"control":[62],"(MAC)":[63],"taken":[65],"into":[66],"account.":[67],"Motivated":[68],"by":[69,112,122,145],"recent":[70],"works":[71,216],"consider":[73],"possibility":[75],"decoding":[77,96],"frames":[79,98,120,202],"at":[80],"same":[82,104],"time,":[83],"PHY":[90],"through":[92],"probability":[94],"were":[100],"transmitted":[101],"with":[102,156,162],"spreading":[105],"factor.":[106],"The":[107,152,186],"MAC":[108],"is":[110,126,133,172,191,238],"evaluated":[111],"considering":[113],"interarrival":[116],"time":[117],"generated":[121],"each":[123],"device":[125],"exponentially":[127],"distributed.":[128],"A":[129,141],"LoRaWAN":[130],"scenario":[132],"considered,":[134],"transmissions":[137],"Class":[140],"influenced":[144],"path":[146],"loss,":[147],"shadowing,":[148],"Rayleigh":[150],"fading.":[151],"numerical":[153],"results":[154],"obtained":[155],"modeling":[158],"methodology":[159],"compared":[161,213],"simulation":[163],"results,":[164],"validation":[167],"proposed":[170,236],"model":[171,211,237],"discussed":[173],"for":[174,203],"different":[175,179,183,205,223],"traffic":[176],"load":[177],"levels,":[178],"PHY-layer":[180],"conditions,":[181,207],"capture":[184,206],"thresholds.":[185],"contribution":[187],"article":[190],"primarily":[192],"focused":[193],"on":[194],"studying":[195],"average":[197],"number":[198],"decoded":[200],"being":[208],"general":[210],"when":[212],"published":[217],"so":[218],"far.":[219],"Moreover,":[220],"given":[221],"research":[224],"initiatives":[225],"develop":[227],"innovative":[228,248],"multicapture":[229],"schemes,":[231],"believe":[233],"particularly":[239],"useful":[240],"foresee":[242],"PHY/MAC":[244],"such":[247],"scenarios.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}