{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2976008907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2944213","title":"Blockchain-Based Secure Spectrum Trading for Unmanned-Aerial-Vehicle-Assisted Cellular Networks: An Operator\u2019s Perspective","display_name":"Blockchain-Based Secure Spectrum Trading for Unmanned-Aerial-Vehicle-Assisted Cellular Networks: An Operator\u2019s Perspective","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2976008907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2944213","mag":"2976008907"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2019.2944213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2944213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/151564/1/IEEE_IoT_Blockchain_David_Grace_Final_author_copy.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058940727","display_name":"Junfei Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2432-3686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junfei Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2432-3686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003094661","display_name":"David Grace","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-7498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Grace","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-7498","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076455133","display_name":"Guoru Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1780-2547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoru Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communications Engineering, PLA Army Engineering University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1780-2547","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communications Engineering, PLA Army Engineering University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109436775","display_name":"Junnan Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junnan Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communications Engineering, PLA Army Engineering University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communications Engineering, PLA Army Engineering University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100785098","display_name":"Qihui Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6796-8364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qihui Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6796-8364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":206.1016,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":193,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99974982,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"451","last_page":"466"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7877448797225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.7608237266540527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.5559259057044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5362488627433777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5302326679229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.4572888910770416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.4356883764266968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.4232110381126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3573992848396301}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7877448797225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.7608237266540527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.5559259057044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5362488627433777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5302326679229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4572888910770416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.4356883764266968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.4232110381126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3573992848396301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2019.2944213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2944213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:151564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-7498>,","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/151564/1/IEEE_IoT_Blockchain_David_Grace_Final_author_copy.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:151564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-7498>,","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/151564/1/IEEE_IoT_Blockchain_David_Grace_Final_author_copy.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G157886057","display_name":"\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u96c6\u7fa4\u667a\u80fd\u81ea\u7ec4\u7f51\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61931011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5779526931","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20160080","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8145678639","display_name":"\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u901a\u4fe1\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7a33\u5065\u9891\u8c31\u5171\u4eab\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871398","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2976008907.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2976008907.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W656369140","https://openalex.org/W2018061752","https://openalex.org/W2072910845","https://openalex.org/W2129059062","https://openalex.org/W2268751503","https://openalex.org/W2335755599","https://openalex.org/W2505036611","https://openalex.org/W2522615148","https://openalex.org/W2531399364","https://openalex.org/W2605157201","https://openalex.org/W2619984247","https://openalex.org/W2724474800","https://openalex.org/W2751904527","https://openalex.org/W2777447168","https://openalex.org/W2786239590","https://openalex.org/W2793914140","https://openalex.org/W2804176576","https://openalex.org/W2807979099","https://openalex.org/W2811205501","https://openalex.org/W2887994888","https://openalex.org/W2890103652","https://openalex.org/W2890406709","https://openalex.org/W2891930034","https://openalex.org/W2893850302","https://openalex.org/W2898082692","https://openalex.org/W2899715518","https://openalex.org/W2901852491","https://openalex.org/W2904351506","https://openalex.org/W2907742243","https://openalex.org/W2912978522","https://openalex.org/W2914797198","https://openalex.org/W2922407904","https://openalex.org/W2922490142","https://openalex.org/W2930720221","https://openalex.org/W2941060906","https://openalex.org/W2945572585","https://openalex.org/W2949726555","https://openalex.org/W2952342730","https://openalex.org/W2962684895","https://openalex.org/W2962691117","https://openalex.org/W2962726494","https://openalex.org/W2963494324","https://openalex.org/W2963899602","https://openalex.org/W2964023906","https://openalex.org/W2980781235","https://openalex.org/W3102880088","https://openalex.org/W3105452915","https://openalex.org/W6746873430","https://openalex.org/W6763014077","https://openalex.org/W6764302126"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W2605497830","https://openalex.org/W3169439878","https://openalex.org/W58930150","https://openalex.org/W2062756478"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1,25],"vehicles":[2],"(UAVs)":[3],"are":[4],"envisioned":[5],"to":[6,44,59,103,130,139,153],"be":[7],"widely":[8],"deployed":[9],"as":[10],"an":[11,32],"integral":[12],"component":[13],"in":[14,91,108,187],"the":[15,24,45,53,61,81,114,119,136,141,156,159,162,177],"next":[16],"generation":[17],"cellular":[18,189],"networks,":[19],"where":[20],"spectrum":[21,70,102,124,142,185],"sharing":[22,73,186],"between":[23],"and":[26,40,49,72,161,167,173,179],"terrestrial":[27],"communication":[28],"systems":[29],"will":[30],"play":[31],"important":[33],"role.":[34],"However,":[35],"there":[36],"exist":[37],"significant":[38],"security":[39,62,121,178],"privacy":[41],"challenges":[42],"due":[43],"untrusted":[46],"broadcast":[47],"features":[48],"wireless":[50],"transmission":[51],"of":[52,134,158,181],"UAV":[54,106,115,163],"networks.":[55,190],"This":[56],"article":[57],"endeavors":[58],"resolve":[60],"issues":[63],"through":[64],"proposing":[65],"a":[66,84,93,104,123,148],"novel":[67],"privacy-preserving":[68],"secure":[69],"trading":[71,143],"scheme":[74],"based":[75],"on":[76],"blockchain":[77,125,137],"technology.":[78],"Specifically,":[79],"from":[80,113],"operator's":[82],"perspective,":[83],"pricing-based":[85],"incentive":[86],"mechanism":[87],"is":[88,127,151],"first":[89],"introduced,":[90],"which":[92],"primary":[94],"mobile":[95],"network":[96,107],"operator":[97],"(MNO)":[98],"leases":[99],"its":[100],"owned":[101],"secondary":[105],"exchange":[109],"for":[110,184],"some":[111],"revenue":[112],"operators.":[116],"To":[117],"address":[118],"potential":[120],"issues,":[122],"framework":[126],"then":[128],"proposed":[129],"illustrate":[131],"detailed":[132],"operations":[133],"how":[135],"helps":[138],"improve":[140],"environment.":[144],"Under":[145],"this":[146],"framework,":[147],"Stackelberg":[149],"game":[150],"formulated":[152],"jointly":[154],"maximize":[155],"profits":[157],"MNO":[160],"operators":[164],"considering":[165],"uniform":[166],"nonuniform":[168],"pricing":[169],"schemes.":[170],"Security":[171],"assessment":[172],"numerical":[174],"results":[175],"confirm":[176],"efficiency":[180],"our":[182],"schemes":[183],"UAV-assisted":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":34}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
