{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2973047729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2940988","title":"I-SEP: An Improved Routing Protocol for Heterogeneous WSN for IoT-Based Environmental Monitoring","display_name":"I-SEP: An Improved Routing Protocol for Heterogeneous WSN for IoT-Based Environmental Monitoring","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2973047729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2940988","mag":"2973047729"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2019.2940988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2940988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/146403/3/ISEPAn%20Improved%20Routing%20Protocol.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057386377","display_name":"Trupti Mayee Behera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6207-4553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67357951","display_name":"KIIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/00k8zt527","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67357951"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Trupti Mayee Behera","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6207-4553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67357951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081751141","display_name":"Sushanta Kumar Mohapatra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4029-3392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67357951","display_name":"KIIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/00k8zt527","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67357951"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sushanta Kumar Mohapatra","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4029-3392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67357951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021133905","display_name":"Umesh Chandra Samal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67357951","display_name":"KIIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/00k8zt527","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67357951"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umesh Chandra Samal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67357951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014109840","display_name":"Mohammad S. Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2224-3826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119443389","display_name":"East Tennessee State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05rfqv493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119443389"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad S. Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2224-3826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119443389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012785191","display_name":"Mahmoud Daneshmand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6116-2156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108468826","display_name":"Stevens Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z43xh36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Daneshmand","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6116-2156","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039341855","display_name":"Amir H. Gandomi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2798-0104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir H. Gandomi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2798-0104","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057386377"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67357951"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.614,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":232,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99563853,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"710","last_page":"717"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8447262048721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.677763819694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.6523653268814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6222571134567261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5760932564735413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5425203442573547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5114011168479919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.47589433193206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4710628390312195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.45288845896720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.43363410234451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.33757516741752625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07704627513885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07084336876869202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8447262048721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.677763819694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.6523653268814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6222571134567261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5760932564735413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5425203442573547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5114011168479919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.47589433193206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4710628390312195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.45288845896720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.43363410234451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.33757516741752625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07704627513885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07084336876869202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2019.2940988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2940988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/146403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10453/146403","pdf_url":"https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/146403/3/ISEPAn%20Improved%20Routing%20Protocol.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401357","display_name":"UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","host_organization_name":"University of Technology Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dc.etsu.edu:etsu-works-10580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/9314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196424","display_name":"Digital Commons - East Tennessee State University (East Tennessee State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119443389","host_organization_name":"East Tennessee State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119443389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ETSU Faculty Works","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/146403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10453/146403","pdf_url":"https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/146403/3/ISEPAn%20Improved%20Routing%20Protocol.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401357","display_name":"UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","host_organization_name":"University of Technology Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2973047729.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2973047729.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493144892","https://openalex.org/W1995135372","https://openalex.org/W2019826892","https://openalex.org/W2021379416","https://openalex.org/W2030050127","https://openalex.org/W2037759417","https://openalex.org/W2043753984","https://openalex.org/W2054633657","https://openalex.org/W2092347390","https://openalex.org/W2094117776","https://openalex.org/W2099751474","https://openalex.org/W2104846640","https://openalex.org/W2108395864","https://openalex.org/W2111619626","https://openalex.org/W2116449777","https://openalex.org/W2119106551","https://openalex.org/W2123336539","https://openalex.org/W2125073007","https://openalex.org/W2137196817","https://openalex.org/W2167648760","https://openalex.org/W2170577996","https://openalex.org/W2464879176","https://openalex.org/W2532751500","https://openalex.org/W2544963567","https://openalex.org/W2573120603","https://openalex.org/W2588592195","https://openalex.org/W2789943241","https://openalex.org/W2796286502","https://openalex.org/W2807182698","https://openalex.org/W2913222812","https://openalex.org/W2913300069","https://openalex.org/W2922446486","https://openalex.org/W6629575236","https://openalex.org/W6655407504","https://openalex.org/W6664022456","https://openalex.org/W6678725820","https://openalex.org/W6678794833","https://openalex.org/W6836326810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136583354","https://openalex.org/W2111238207","https://openalex.org/W2760721665","https://openalex.org/W330130819","https://openalex.org/W2288610023","https://openalex.org/W2112044895","https://openalex.org/W3121416282","https://openalex.org/W2281389338","https://openalex.org/W2037453743","https://openalex.org/W4312222450"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"sensor":[1,134],"networks":[2],"(WSNs)":[3],"is":[4,55,100],"a":[5,56,64,112,119],"virtual":[6],"layer":[7],"in":[8,59,81,178,183],"the":[9,12,22,26,38,44,60,96,104,150,156,165],"paradigm":[10],"of":[11,14,40,43,63,76,103,176],"Internet":[13],"Things":[15],"(IoT).":[16],"It":[17],"inter-relates":[18],"information":[19],"associated":[20],"with":[21,173],"physical":[23],"domain":[24],"to":[25,36,70,94,154],"IoT":[27,51],"drove":[28],"computational":[29],"systems.":[30],"WSN":[31],"provides":[32],"an":[33,101,174],"ubiquitous":[34],"access":[35],"location,":[37],"status":[39],"different":[41,141],"entities":[42],"environment,":[45],"and":[46,130,146,170,181],"data":[47,77],"acquisition":[48],"for":[49,118],"long-term":[50],"monitoring.":[52],"Since":[53],"energy":[54,79,126,152],"major":[57],"constraint":[58],"design":[61],"process":[62],"WSN,":[65],"recent":[66,85],"advances":[67],"have":[68,91],"led":[69],"project":[71],"various":[72,87],"energy-efficient":[73],"protocols.":[74],"Routing":[75],"involves":[78],"expenditure":[80],"considerable":[82],"amount.":[83],"In":[84],"times,":[86],"heuristic":[88],"clustering":[89],"protocols":[90,172],"been":[92],"discussed":[93],"solve":[95],"purpose.":[97],"This":[98],"article":[99],"improvement":[102,175],"existing":[105],"stable":[106],"election":[107],"protocol":[108],"(SEP)":[109],"that":[110,164],"implements":[111],"threshold-based":[113],"cluster":[114],"head":[115],"(CH)":[116],"selection":[117],"heterogeneous":[120],"network.":[121],"The":[122,133,160],"threshold":[123],"maintains":[124],"uniform":[125],"distribution":[127],"between":[128],"member":[129],"CH":[131],"nodes.":[132],"nodes":[135],"are":[136],"also":[137],"categorized":[138],"into":[139],"three":[140],"types":[142],"called":[143],"normal,":[144],"intermediate,":[145],"advanced":[147],"depending":[148],"on":[149],"initial":[151],"supply":[153],"distribute":[155],"network":[157,179],"load":[158],"evenly.":[159],"simulation":[161],"result":[162],"shows":[163],"proposed":[166],"scheme":[167],"outperforms":[168],"SEP":[169],"DEEC":[171],"300%":[177],"lifetime":[180],"56%":[182],"throughput.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}