{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2944417826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2915791","title":"Smart Insole-Based Indoor Localization System for Internet of Things Applications","display_name":"Smart Insole-Based Indoor Localization System for Internet of Things Applications","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2944417826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2915791","mag":"2944417826"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2019.2915791","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2915791","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009208057","display_name":"Diliang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6146-4405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Diliang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101985861","display_name":"Huiyi Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2165-6941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiyi Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444129","display_name":"Huan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3464-9441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101972590","display_name":"Zetao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4002-5563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zetao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076677679","display_name":"Xiaoye Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7543-4696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoye Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035679293","display_name":"Wenyao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6444-9411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020169895","display_name":"Ming-Chun Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2269-4694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Chun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009208057"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1497,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92091651,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"7253","last_page":"7265"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6711388826370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.6100501418113708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5975615382194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5663708448410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-navigation-system","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","score":0.5514999032020569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5355685949325562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epoch","display_name":"Epoch (astronomy)","score":0.5161836743354797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.5148226618766785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.45874059200286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.4214104413986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angular-velocity","display_name":"Angular velocity","score":0.41042855381965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.335331529378891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3120507597923279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-frame-of-reference","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","score":0.22466504573822021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.1808055341243744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17647996544837952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13805973529815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10043522715568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09116977453231812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6711388826370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.6100501418113708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5975615382194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5663708448410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128651787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570607","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","level":3,"score":0.5514999032020569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5355685949325562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780317896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2703","display_name":"Epoch (astronomy)","level":3,"score":0.5161836743354797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.5148226618766785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.45874059200286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.4214104413986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5594486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161635","display_name":"Angular velocity","level":2,"score":0.41042855381965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.335331529378891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3120507597923279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173386949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192735","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","level":2,"score":0.22466504573822021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.1808055341243744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17647996544837952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13805973529815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10043522715568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09116977453231812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150846664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306","display_name":"Stars","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2019.2915791","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2915791","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6815931005","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSF-1664368","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133311906","https://openalex.org/W565909586","https://openalex.org/W1128591379","https://openalex.org/W1500219597","https://openalex.org/W1964285689","https://openalex.org/W1975201526","https://openalex.org/W1977033890","https://openalex.org/W1984170608","https://openalex.org/W2004814601","https://openalex.org/W2008834338","https://openalex.org/W2019672046","https://openalex.org/W2034214983","https://openalex.org/W2043502923","https://openalex.org/W2056427752","https://openalex.org/W2065726711","https://openalex.org/W2068800064","https://openalex.org/W2071077565","https://openalex.org/W2076379153","https://openalex.org/W2079229733","https://openalex.org/W2079251198","https://openalex.org/W2083256639","https://openalex.org/W2086697544","https://openalex.org/W2088803835","https://openalex.org/W2092270033","https://openalex.org/W2108482152","https://openalex.org/W2111784981","https://openalex.org/W2114375944","https://openalex.org/W2122180522","https://openalex.org/W2124647600","https://openalex.org/W2133085864","https://openalex.org/W2133213444","https://openalex.org/W2138162205","https://openalex.org/W2154356205","https://openalex.org/W2163424174","https://openalex.org/W2163839940","https://openalex.org/W2167899484","https://openalex.org/W2170674824","https://openalex.org/W2245297917","https://openalex.org/W2344494366","https://openalex.org/W2368532690","https://openalex.org/W2412778168","https://openalex.org/W2468078839","https://openalex.org/W2480859604","https://openalex.org/W2491602306","https://openalex.org/W2748400683","https://openalex.org/W2778889146","https://openalex.org/W2802801625","https://openalex.org/W2803094550","https://openalex.org/W2806396536","https://openalex.org/W2890475204","https://openalex.org/W2921988675","https://openalex.org/W2979737039","https://openalex.org/W3105513546","https://openalex.org/W6684130379","https://openalex.org/W6690926613","https://openalex.org/W6721887335"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392871747","https://openalex.org/W2391035523","https://openalex.org/W3122679363","https://openalex.org/W4233937365","https://openalex.org/W3082879976","https://openalex.org/W4313886815","https://openalex.org/W2038183074","https://openalex.org/W2379795845","https://openalex.org/W2773722138","https://openalex.org/W2149484996"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,31,42,59,63,116,124,130,135,139,158,166,175,178,212,230],"development":[2],"of":[3,5,52,148,161,169,177,184,214,237],"Internet":[4],"Things":[6],"(IoT),":[7],"indoor":[8,23,223],"localization":[9,24,179],"has":[10,76],"been":[11],"a":[12,38,53,77,89,149,185],"research":[13],"focus":[14],"in":[15,221],"recent":[16],"years.":[17],"For":[18],"inertial":[19],"measurement":[20],"unit":[21],"(IMU)-based":[22],"method,":[25],"zero":[26],"velocity":[27,33,43,60,75,91,105,117,140],"update":[28,106],"(ZUPT)":[29],"uses":[30],"known":[32,104],"at":[34,62],"stationary":[35,46],"epoch":[36,47],"as":[37],"benchmark":[39],"to":[40,71,120,146,172],"calibrate":[41],"drift.":[44],"However,":[45],"only":[48],"takes":[49],"up":[50],"24%":[51,145],"whole":[54,150],"gait":[55,99,151,171],"cycle":[56,152],"time,":[57,81],"and":[58,108,129,198,206],"drift":[61,79],"remaining":[64],"76%":[65],"time":[66,136],"is":[67,242],"usually":[68],"estimated":[69],"according":[70],"an":[72,222,235],"assumption":[73],"that":[74,192,229],"linear":[78],"over":[80],"which":[82,133,241],"would":[83],"introduce":[84],"errors.":[85],"In":[86],"this":[87],"paper,":[88],"two-step":[90],"calibration":[92,111],"method":[93,155,194,202,208,233],"was":[94,195],"proposed":[95,231],"based":[96,122,164],"on":[97,123,165],"human":[98,170],"characteristics":[100],"with":[101],"Smart":[102],"Insole:":[103],"(KUPT)":[107],"double-foot":[109],"position":[110,159],"(DFPC).":[112],"KUPT":[113,193,215],"could":[114,141,156,209],"measure":[115],"from":[118,144],"heel-strike":[119],"toe-off":[121],"recorded":[125],"real-time":[126],"foot":[127],"angle":[128],"shoe":[131],"dimensions,":[132],"increases":[134],"period":[137],"when":[138],"be":[142],"measured":[143],"62%":[147],"time.":[153],"DFPC":[154,207],"fuse":[157],"information":[160],"both":[162,204],"feet":[163],"symmetrical":[167],"characteristic":[168],"further":[173,210],"increase":[174],"reliability":[176],"results.":[180],"The":[181],"statistical":[182],"result":[183,213],"20":[186],"times":[187],"20-m":[188],"walking":[189,220],"experiment":[190,218],"showed":[191,228],"more":[196],"accurate":[197],"reliable":[199],"than":[200],"ZUPT":[201],"for":[203,225,244],"feet,":[205],"improve":[211],"method.":[216],"Another":[217],"about":[219,238],"environment":[224],"91":[226],"m":[227,240],"KUPT+DFPC":[232],"had":[234],"error":[236],"0.78":[239],"acceptable":[243],"most":[245],"IoT":[246],"applications.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
