{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2924475988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2907580","title":"An Accurate and Robust Approach of Device-Free Localization With Convolutional Autoencoder","display_name":"An Accurate and Robust Approach of Device-Free Localization With Convolutional Autoencoder","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2924475988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2907580","mag":"2924475988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2019.2907580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2907580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009225924","display_name":"Lingjun Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2369-8862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingjun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2369-8862","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056303769","display_name":"Huakun Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2853-8892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huakun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2853-8892","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022516253","display_name":"Xiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-2658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-2658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009582696","display_name":"Shuxue Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4963-3883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuxue Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4963-3883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023248590","display_name":"Haoli Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4004-509X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoli Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4004-509X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063664617","display_name":"Zhaoyang Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1511-361X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4217,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97246728,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"5825","last_page":"5840"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.9209580421447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8162102699279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7783784866333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7164931893348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7136744856834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.650249719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6171151995658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4710131883621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45121222734451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.14089539647102356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.9209580421447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8162102699279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7783784866333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7164931893348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7136744856834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.650249719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6171151995658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4710131883621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45121222734451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14089539647102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2019.2907580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2907580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G293425096","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16K00335","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8978350099","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61803096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/048rj2z13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W248079633","https://openalex.org/W1593057674","https://openalex.org/W1663415130","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1844165822","https://openalex.org/W1932847118","https://openalex.org/W1941817920","https://openalex.org/W1970398760","https://openalex.org/W1996409685","https://openalex.org/W2000203794","https://openalex.org/W2014758824","https://openalex.org/W2045107598","https://openalex.org/W2069336607","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2106806426","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2117141700","https://openalex.org/W2123045220","https://openalex.org/W2126300356","https://openalex.org/W2128190945","https://openalex.org/W2136655611","https://openalex.org/W2137494381","https://openalex.org/W2151034334","https://openalex.org/W2152151699","https://openalex.org/W2157291767","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2164692160","https://openalex.org/W2170589361","https://openalex.org/W2187618798","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2233116163","https://openalex.org/W2291859485","https://openalex.org/W2291961022","https://openalex.org/W2309512289","https://openalex.org/W2344330137","https://openalex.org/W2345276999","https://openalex.org/W2462826356","https://openalex.org/W2490563682","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2538244214","https://openalex.org/W2548559732","https://openalex.org/W2550769397","https://openalex.org/W2558891025","https://openalex.org/W2565123847","https://openalex.org/W2594663467","https://openalex.org/W2596683455","https://openalex.org/W2606697812","https://openalex.org/W2623902153","https://openalex.org/W2738682901","https://openalex.org/W2741243151","https://openalex.org/W2751571889","https://openalex.org/W2753866421","https://openalex.org/W2761950448","https://openalex.org/W2767807103","https://openalex.org/W2789436454","https://openalex.org/W2789777926","https://openalex.org/W2791639158","https://openalex.org/W2801018742","https://openalex.org/W2808953383","https://openalex.org/W2809857320","https://openalex.org/W2890784233","https://openalex.org/W2896466913","https://openalex.org/W2898413119","https://openalex.org/W2903629012","https://openalex.org/W2910876636","https://openalex.org/W2963526543","https://openalex.org/W2964029185","https://openalex.org/W3099909623","https://openalex.org/W4299456266","https://openalex.org/W6638713265","https://openalex.org/W6684191040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2669956259","https://openalex.org/W4249005693","https://openalex.org/W4392946183","https://openalex.org/W3088732000","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Device-free":[0],"localization":[1,136,208],"(DFL),":[2],"as":[3,63],"an":[4,64],"emerging":[5],"technology":[6],"that":[7,128],"locates":[8],"targets":[9],"without":[10,156],"any":[11],"attached":[12],"devices":[13],"via":[14],"wireless":[15],"sensor":[16],"networks,":[17],"has":[18],"spawned":[19],"extensive":[20],"applications":[21],"in":[22,55,108,205],"the":[23,58,95,109,129,147,152,179,193,200],"Internet":[24],"of":[25,97,139,181,207],"Things":[26],"(IoT)":[27],"field.":[28],"For":[29],"DFL,":[30],"a":[31,71,98,104,134,142,167,182],"key":[32],"problem":[33,60],"is":[34,61,116,161,185,189],"how":[35],"to":[36,40,78,118,163],"extract":[37],"significant":[38],"features":[39],"characterize":[41],"raw":[42,84,148,154],"signals":[43,85,113],"with":[44,48,166],"different":[45,49],"patterns":[46],"associated":[47],"locations.":[50],"To":[51],"address":[52],"this":[53,56],"problem,":[54],"paper,":[57],"DFL":[59],"formulated":[62],"image":[65],"classification":[66,180],"problem.":[67],"Moreover,":[68],"we":[69],"design":[70],"three-layer":[72],"convolutional":[73,99],"autoencoder":[74,106],"(CAE)":[75],"neural":[76,100],"network":[77,101],"perform":[79],"unsupervised":[80],"feature":[81,110],"extraction":[82],"from":[83],"followed":[86],"by":[87],"supervised":[88],"fine-tuning":[89],"for":[90,122,141,178,192],"classification.":[91],"The":[92,124,196],"CAE":[93],"combines":[94],"advantages":[96],"(CNN)":[102],"and":[103,112,160,203,210],"deep":[105,201],"(AE)":[107],"learning":[111],"reconstruction,":[114],"which":[115,188],"expected":[117],"achieve":[119,133],"good":[120],"performance":[121],"DFL.":[123],"experimental":[125],"results":[126],"show":[127],"proposed":[130,197],"approach":[131,198],"can":[132],"high":[135],"accuracy":[137,209],"rate":[138],"100%":[140],"reasonable":[143],"grid":[144],"size":[145],"on":[146],"real-world":[149],"data,":[150],"i.e.,":[151],"collected":[153],"data":[155,165],"added":[157],"Gaussian":[158],"noise,":[159],"robust":[162,211],"noisy":[164],"signal-to-noise":[168],"ratio":[169],"greater":[170],"than":[171],"-5":[172],"dB.":[173],"Additionally,":[174],"its":[175],"time":[176],"cost":[177],"single":[183],"activity":[184],"4":[186],"ms,":[187],"fast":[190],"enough":[191],"IoT":[194],"applications.":[195],"outperforms":[199],"CNN":[202],"AE":[204],"terms":[206],"ability":[212],"against":[213],"noise.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
