{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2811205501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2018.2882794","title":"Blockchain Technologies for the Internet of Things: Research Issues and Challenges","display_name":"Blockchain Technologies for the Internet of Things: Research Issues and Challenges","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2811205501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2018.2882794","mag":"2811205501"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2018.2882794","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2018.2882794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.09099","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohamed Amine Ferrag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0632-3172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097536","display_name":"University of Guelma","ror":"https://ror.org/00xe6p546","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097536"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Amine Ferrag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Guelma University, Guelma, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0632-3172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Guelma University, Guelma, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Makhlouf Derdour","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095290","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Larbi T\u00e9bessi","ror":"https://ror.org/00tnac320","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095290"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Makhlouf Derdour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Larbi Tebessi University, T\u00e9bessa, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Larbi Tebessi University, T\u00e9bessa, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mithun Mukherjee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128140","display_name":"Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/030ffke25","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mithun Mukherjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Equipment Fault Diagnosis, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Equipment Fault Diagnosis, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Abdelouahid Derhab","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelouahid Derhab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Information Assurance, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Information Assurance, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Leandros Maglaras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","display_name":"De Montfort University","ror":"https://ror.org/0312pnr83","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leandros Maglaras","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Informatics, De Montfort University, Leicester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9782","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, De Montfort University, Leicester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Helge Janicke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","display_name":"De Montfort University","ror":"https://ror.org/0312pnr83","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helge Janicke","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Informatics, De Montfort University, Leicester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, De Montfort University, Leicester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":128.363,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":651,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99962373,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"2188","last_page":"2204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9474999904632568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9474999904632568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9623000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.7124000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.47189998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.37059998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.3691999912261963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9623000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7839000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.7124000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5730999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.47189998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.37059998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3677000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2018.2882794","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2018.2882794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1806.09099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1806.09099","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.09099","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dora.dmu.ac.uk:2086/17374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2086/17374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400394","display_name":"DMU Open Research Archive (De Montfort University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","host_organization_name":"De Montfort University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository@napier.ac.uk:2969534","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2969534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402591","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1806.09099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1806.09099","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.09099","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69553326","https://openalex.org/W627952783","https://openalex.org/W1559136758","https://openalex.org/W1589846406","https://openalex.org/W1879433355","https://openalex.org/W1974997379","https://openalex.org/W2013686672","https://openalex.org/W2038096741","https://openalex.org/W2043007983","https://openalex.org/W2119046642","https://openalex.org/W2230813082","https://openalex.org/W2253140477","https://openalex.org/W2276859170","https://openalex.org/W2295804537","https://openalex.org/W2335755599","https://openalex.org/W2402551606","https://openalex.org/W2413088062","https://openalex.org/W2504027451","https://openalex.org/W2510535264","https://openalex.org/W2517744317","https://openalex.org/W2519293460","https://openalex.org/W2531399364","https://openalex.org/W2562280309","https://openalex.org/W2584343393","https://openalex.org/W2605157201","https://openalex.org/W2613637871","https://openalex.org/W2619984247","https://openalex.org/W2624307925","https://openalex.org/W2736188416","https://openalex.org/W2736904962","https://openalex.org/W2742329683","https://openalex.org/W2748264495","https://openalex.org/W2749247755","https://openalex.org/W2751350604","https://openalex.org/W2752019525","https://openalex.org/W2752780850","https://openalex.org/W2753585338","https://openalex.org/W2753672491","https://openalex.org/W2755779661","https://openalex.org/W2757817063","https://openalex.org/W2758039286","https://openalex.org/W2762065167","https://openalex.org/W2765226969","https://openalex.org/W2768696376","https://openalex.org/W2774185715","https://openalex.org/W2775726906","https://openalex.org/W2781688509","https://openalex.org/W2783114400","https://openalex.org/W2783232377","https://openalex.org/W2783354355","https://openalex.org/W2786151040","https://openalex.org/W2787634488","https://openalex.org/W2788822833","https://openalex.org/W2789950367","https://openalex.org/W2790327798","https://openalex.org/W2790670692","https://openalex.org/W2791124241","https://openalex.org/W2791289577","https://openalex.org/W2791307302","https://openalex.org/W2792850657","https://openalex.org/W2793346081","https://openalex.org/W2793423901","https://openalex.org/W2793500626","https://openalex.org/W2793610021","https://openalex.org/W2795085730","https://openalex.org/W2796465757","https://openalex.org/W2800699696","https://openalex.org/W2801722477","https://openalex.org/W2803087846","https://openalex.org/W2803553469","https://openalex.org/W2804900363","https://openalex.org/W2805930283","https://openalex.org/W2807979099","https://openalex.org/W2886567055","https://openalex.org/W2890627666","https://openalex.org/W2962819974","https://openalex.org/W2963264685","https://openalex.org/W6638711193","https://openalex.org/W6714240215","https://openalex.org/W6745318291","https://openalex.org/W6746873430","https://openalex.org/W6747571414","https://openalex.org/W6749713961","https://openalex.org/W6754898083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3024473827","https://openalex.org/W3004627947","https://openalex.org/W3195816032","https://openalex.org/W3199079654","https://openalex.org/W3111738396","https://openalex.org/W3039042413","https://openalex.org/W4224240590","https://openalex.org/W2995492222","https://openalex.org/W3013438512","https://openalex.org/W3125378014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,64,98,101],"comprehensive":[4],"survey":[5],"of":[6,14,39,43,50,53,56,66,104],"the":[7,12,22,26,40,105,117,132,147],"existing":[8,27],"blockchain":[9,32,44,73,112,118,148],"protocols":[10,74],"for":[11,150],"Internet":[13,49,52,55],"Things":[15],"(IoT)":[16],"networks.":[17],"We":[18],"start":[19],"by":[20,72],"describing":[21],"blockchains":[23],"and":[24,91,100,110,127,140],"summarizing":[25],"surveys":[28],"that":[29],"deal":[30],"with":[31,114],"technologies.":[33],"Then,":[34],"we":[35,62,96,135],"provide":[36,63,97],"an":[37],"overview":[38],"application":[41],"domains":[42],"technologies":[45,113,149],"in":[46,75,146],"IoT,":[47],"e.g.,":[48],"Vehicles,":[51],"Energy,":[54],"Cloud,":[57],"Edge":[58],"computing,":[59],"etc.":[60],"Moreover,":[61],"classification":[65],"threat":[67],"models,":[68],"which":[69],"are":[70],"considered":[71],"IoT":[76],"networks,":[77],"into":[78],"five":[79],"main":[80],"categories,":[81],"namely":[82],"identity-based":[83],"attacks,":[84,86,88,90],"manipulation-based":[85],"cryptanalytic":[87],"reputation-based":[89],"service-based":[92],"attacks.":[93],"In":[94],"addition,":[95],"taxonomy":[99],"side-by-side":[102],"comparison":[103],"state-of-the-art":[106],"methods":[107],"toward":[108],"secure":[109],"privacy-preserving":[111],"respect":[115],"to":[116],"model,":[119],"specific":[120],"security":[121],"goals,":[122],"performance,":[123],"limitations,":[124],"computation":[125],"complexity,":[126],"communication":[128],"overhead.":[129],"Based":[130],"on":[131],"current":[133],"survey,":[134],"highlight":[136],"open":[137],"research":[138,144],"challenges":[139],"discuss":[141],"possible":[142],"future":[143],"directions":[145],"IoT.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":101},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":138},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":135},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":89},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-21T08:15:58.654021","created_date":"2018-07-10T00:00:00"}
