{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2809191403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2018.2849655","title":"Device-Free Occupant Activity Sensing Using WiFi-Enabled IoT Devices for Smart Homes","display_name":"Device-Free Occupant Activity Sensing Using WiFi-Enabled IoT Devices for Smart Homes","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2809191403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2018.2849655","mag":"2809191403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2018.2849655","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2018.2849655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005666034","display_name":"Jianfei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-0439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianfei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-0439","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088007042","display_name":"Han Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8063-5211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8063-5211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039502751","display_name":"Hao Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6902-9245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6902-9245","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100365448","display_name":"Lihua Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7137-4136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihua Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7137-4136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.1945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":204,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98239824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"5","first_page":"3991","last_page":"4002"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.850542426109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7521032691001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6342645883560181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6273034811019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-recognition","display_name":"Activity recognition","score":0.5604892373085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5446840524673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartwatch","display_name":"Smartwatch","score":0.49146878719329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy","display_name":"Occupancy","score":0.4852190315723419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4793551564216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.47282111644744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.44881030917167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.4312068521976471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.41442781686782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.360178679227829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3390219211578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12064483761787415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09754860401153564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.850542426109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7521032691001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6342645883560181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6273034811019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121687571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Activity recognition","level":2,"score":0.5604892373085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5446840524673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29794715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5362345","display_name":"Smartwatch","level":3,"score":0.49146878719329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.4852190315723419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4793551564216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.47282111644744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.44881030917167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.4312068521976471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.41442781686782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.360178679227829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3390219211578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12064483761787415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09754860401153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2018.2849655","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2018.2849655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/139391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/139391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98188630","https://openalex.org/W1544649748","https://openalex.org/W1902027874","https://openalex.org/W1944615693","https://openalex.org/W1977917536","https://openalex.org/W1979856070","https://openalex.org/W2005059864","https://openalex.org/W2024796780","https://openalex.org/W2027281287","https://openalex.org/W2049864003","https://openalex.org/W2064081294","https://openalex.org/W2089695767","https://openalex.org/W2095396347","https://openalex.org/W2106996050","https://openalex.org/W2129149054","https://openalex.org/W2134081653","https://openalex.org/W2139899671","https://openalex.org/W2141336889","https://openalex.org/W2143228105","https://openalex.org/W2172292165","https://openalex.org/W2182886880","https://openalex.org/W2202433167","https://openalex.org/W2294656113","https://openalex.org/W2338892592","https://openalex.org/W2344637340","https://openalex.org/W2345136132","https://openalex.org/W2516360951","https://openalex.org/W2518733178","https://openalex.org/W2522247037","https://openalex.org/W2526606216","https://openalex.org/W2527524423","https://openalex.org/W2542047294","https://openalex.org/W2594230123","https://openalex.org/W2604490975","https://openalex.org/W2621353408","https://openalex.org/W2623595444","https://openalex.org/W2740222873","https://openalex.org/W2749514013","https://openalex.org/W2751969628","https://openalex.org/W2752271148","https://openalex.org/W2755092530","https://openalex.org/W2764224278","https://openalex.org/W2765626402","https://openalex.org/W2783388505","https://openalex.org/W2784220689","https://openalex.org/W2788518751","https://openalex.org/W2801474369","https://openalex.org/W2802595550","https://openalex.org/W2808442904","https://openalex.org/W2887389727","https://openalex.org/W2952586546","https://openalex.org/W3102026917","https://openalex.org/W4253510307","https://openalex.org/W6604091132","https://openalex.org/W6680772378","https://openalex.org/W6741771580","https://openalex.org/W6744288241","https://openalex.org/W6748363653"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285587629","https://openalex.org/W2748818549","https://openalex.org/W4304142278","https://openalex.org/W2342865424","https://openalex.org/W2587509230","https://openalex.org/W4283331601","https://openalex.org/W2756171776","https://openalex.org/W2977705381","https://openalex.org/W2971637278","https://openalex.org/W2582769230"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"occupancy":[1,62,119,178],"sensing":[2],"is":[3,73,122],"becoming":[4],"a":[5,50,67,107],"vital":[6],"underpinning":[7],"for":[8,61,104],"various":[9],"emerging":[10,70],"applications":[11,166],"in":[12,175],"smart":[13],"homes,":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16],"security":[17],"surveillance":[18],"and":[19,54,82,98,145,152,173,180],"human":[20,130],"behavior":[21],"analysis.":[22],"However,":[23],"prevailing":[24],"approaches":[25],"mainly":[26],"rely":[27],"on":[28,142],"video":[29],"camera,":[30],"ambient":[31],"sensors,":[32],"or":[33,41],"wearable":[34],"devices,":[35],"which":[36,64],"either":[37],"requires":[38],"arduous":[39],"deployment":[40],"arouses":[42],"privacy":[43],"concerns.":[44],"In":[45,154],"this":[46],"paper,":[47],"we":[48,133],"present":[49],"novel":[51],"real-time,":[52],"device-free,":[53],"privacy-preserving":[55],"WiFi-enabled":[56],"Internet":[57],"of":[58,69,115,129,171,177],"Things":[59],"platform":[60,144,163],"sensing,":[63],"can":[65],"promote":[66],"myriad":[68],"applications.":[71],"It":[72],"designed":[74],"to":[75,91],"achieve":[76],"an":[77,100,118,136],"optimal":[78],"tradeoff":[79],"between":[80],"performance":[81],"scalability.":[83],"Our":[84],"system":[85,121,140],"empowers":[86],"commercial":[87],"off-the-shelf":[88],"WiFi":[89],"routers":[90],"collect":[92],"channel":[93],"state":[94],"information":[95],"(CSI)":[96],"measurements":[97],"provides":[99],"efficient":[101],"cloud":[102],"server":[103],"computing":[105],"via":[106],"lightweight":[108],"communication":[109],"protocol.":[110],"To":[111],"demonstrate":[112],"the":[113,126,155,157,169],"usefulness":[114],"our":[116,143,162],"platform,":[117],"detection":[120,179],"developed":[123],"by":[124],"exploiting":[125],"CSI":[127],"curve":[128],"presence.":[131],"Furthermore,":[132],"also":[134],"design":[135],"innovative":[137],"activity":[138],"recognition":[139],"based":[141],"machine":[146],"learning":[147],"techniques":[148],"with":[149,168],"high":[150],"availability":[151],"extensibility.":[153],"evaluation,":[156],"experimental":[158],"results":[159],"show":[160],"that":[161],"enables":[164],"these":[165],"efficiently,":[167],"accuracy":[170],"96.8%":[172],"90.6%":[174],"terms":[176],"recognition,":[181],"respectively.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}